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Model Risk and Its Control

Author

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  • Kato, Toshiyasu

    (Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd)

  • Yoshiba, Toshinao

    (Institute for Monetary & Econ Studies, Bank of Japan)

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze model risks separately in pricing models and risk measurement models as follows. (1) In pricing models, model risk is defined as "the risk arising from the use of a model which cannot accurately evaluate market prices, or which is not a mainstream model in the market." (2) In risk measurement models, model risk is defined as " the risk of not accurately estimating the probability of future losses." Based on these definitions, we examine various specific cases and numerical examples to determine the sources of model risks and to discuss possible steps to control these risks. Sources of model risk in pricing models include (1) use of wrong assumptions, (2) errors in estimations of parameters, (3) errors resulting from discretization, and (4) errors in market data. On the other hand, sources of model risk in risk measurement models include (1) the difference between assumed and actual distribution, and (2) errors in the logical framework of the model. Practical steps to control model risks from a qualitative perspective include improvement of risk management systems (organization, authorization, human resources, etc.). From a quantitative perspective, in the case of pricing models, we can set up a reserve to allow for the difference in estimations using alternative models. In the case of risk measurement models, scenario analysis can be undertaken for various fluctuation patterns of risk factors, or position limits can be established based on information obtained from scenario analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Kato, Toshiyasu & Yoshiba, Toshinao, 2000. "Model Risk and Its Control," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 18(2), pages 129-157, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ime:imemes:v:18:y:2000:i:2:p:129-157
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Katerina Simons, 1997. "Model error," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Nov, pages 17-28.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mariano González-Sánchez & Eva M. Ibáñez Jiménez & Ana I. Segovia San Juan, 2022. "Market and model risks: a feasible joint estimate methodology," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(3), pages 187-213, September.
    2. Kevin Dowd & David Blake, 2006. "After VaR: The Theory, Estimation, and Insurance Applications of Quantile‐Based Risk Measures," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 73(2), pages 193-229, June.
    3. Carol Alexander & Jose Maria Sarabia, 2010. "Endogenizing Model Risk to Quantile Estimates," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2010-07, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    4. Andrey Yu. Nevela & Victor A. Lapshin, 2022. "Model Risk and Basic Approaches to its Estimation on Example of Market Risk Models," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 2, pages 91-112, April.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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