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Strategic Second Sourcing by Multinationals

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  • Jay Pil Choi
  • Carl Davidson

Abstract

Multinationals often serve foreign markets by exporting as well as by investing directly in foreign production facilities. We argue that if the multinational competes in an oligopolistic market characterized by strategic complements then there are strategic reasons to use two production facilities-committing to a second source allows the firm to keep average cost low while increasing its marginal cost. The increase in marginal cost softens product market competition resulting in higher profits. We argue that this theory also has implications for the "make or buy" literature in production management and the literature on second sourcing in industrial organization. Copyright 2004 by the Economics Department Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Osaka University Institute Of Social And Economic Research Association.

Suggested Citation

  • Jay Pil Choi & Carl Davidson, 2004. "Strategic Second Sourcing by Multinationals," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 45(2), pages 579-600, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:45:y:2004:i:2:p:579-600
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tetsuya Shinkai & Takao Ohkawa & Makoto Okamura, 2018. "Effects of Change in Local Content Requirement and Exchange Rate Volatility in an International Oligopoly," Discussion Paper Series 180, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised May 2018.
    2. Sourafel Girma & Richard Kneller & Mauro Pisu, 2005. "Exports versus FDI: An Empirical Test," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 141(2), pages 193-218, July.
    3. Arijit Mukherjee, 2008. "Unionised Labour Market and Strategic Production Decision of a Multinational," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(532), pages 1621-1639, October.
    4. Lommerud, Kjell Erik & Meland, Frode & Straume, Odd Rune, 2009. "Can deunionization lead to international outsourcing?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 109-119, February.
    5. Manel Antelo & Lluís Bru, 2018. "Option Contracts in a Vertical Industry," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 86(4), pages 533-557, July.
    6. Gherardo Girardi, 2013. "Second Sourcing with Capacity Constrained Firms and Locked-In Buyers," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 83-95, February.
    7. Beladi, Hamid & Mukherjee, Arijit, 2012. "Market structure and strategic bi-sourcing," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 210-219.
    8. Kjell Erik Lommerud & Odd Rune Straume & Lars Sørgard, 2006. "National versus international mergers in unionized oligopoly," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 37(1), pages 212-233, March.
    9. You, Jing & Imai, Katsushi S. & Gaiha, Raghav, 2016. "Declining Nutrient Intake in a Growing China: Does Household Heterogeneity Matter?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 171-191.
    10. Alvarez, Luis H.R. & Stenbacka, Rune, 2007. "Partial outsourcing: A real options perspective," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 91-102, February.
    11. Noriaki Matsushima & Laixun Zhao, 2015. "Strategic dual sourcing as a driver for free revealing of innovation," ISER Discussion Paper 0936, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    12. Stenbacka, Rune & Tombak, Mihkel, 2012. "Make and buy: Balancing bargaining power," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 81(2), pages 391-402.
    13. Bartholomae Florian & Nam Chang Woon, 2023. "A Critical Discussion on the Reasons and Impacts of International Decoupling," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, vol. 58(2), pages 92-95, March.
    14. Cho, Janghee & Chun, Hyunbae & Hur, Jung, 2014. "Choosing multiple offshoring strategies: Determinants and complementarity," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 42-57.
    15. Hamid Beladi & Arijit Mukherjee, 2008. "Strategic bi-sourcing," Discussion Papers 08/06, University of Nottingham, School of Economics.
    16. Yutian Chen & Ying-Ju Chen, 2020. "Strategic partial outsourcing in the presence of single-source components," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 131(3), pages 237-265, December.
    17. TAKECHI Kazutaka, 2012. "Negative Effects of Intellectual Property Protection: The unusual suspects?," Discussion papers 12057, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    18. Takeshi Iida & Arijit Mukherjee, 2020. "Make and buy in a polluting industry," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 22(6), pages 1852-1874, December.
    19. Michelle Y. Lu & Jiwoong Shin, 2018. "A Model of Two-Sided Costly Communication for Building New Product Category Demand," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 37(3), pages 382-402, May.

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