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Testing alternative measures of subjective norms in entrepreneurial intention models

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  • Annamária Heuer
  • Francisco Liñán

Abstract

Although the theory of planned behaviour can be applied to entrepreneurship, study outcomes concerning the role of the subjective norm construct vary substantially. Using data from ten dissimilar countries, two critical topics held responsible for conflicting outcomes in research on entrepreneurial intention are investigated: 1) measurement issues; 2) possible indirect influences between the motivational antecedents of intention. On the first topic, structural equations suggest that a simple multi-item subjective-norm measure is better than the frequently-applied product of normative beliefs and motivation to comply. On the second, structural equation modelling reveals that the internal consistency and explanatory capacity of the constructs is about the same with the original model than with a modified model taking into account the indirect influences of subjective norms on attitudes and on perceived behavioural control. These results should serve as a guide for future theoretical and empirical development, and put existing study outcomes into perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Annamária Heuer & Francisco Liñán, 2013. "Testing alternative measures of subjective norms in entrepreneurial intention models," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 19(1), pages 35-50.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:19:y:2013:i:1:p:35-50
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    Cited by:

    1. Aurelian-Petrus PLOPEANU & Daniel HOMOCIANU, 2021. "Analysis of bribery predictors for the student population. Evidence from Romania and Moldova," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 12, pages 104-140, June.
    2. Leonidas A. Zampetakis & Manolis Lerakis & Konstantinos Kafetsios & Vassilis S. Moustakis, 2016. "The moderating role of anticipated affective ambivalence in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 815-838, September.
    3. Traikova, Diana & Manolova, Tatiana S. & Möllers, Judith & Buchenrieder, Gertrud, 2017. "Corruption perceptions and entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context - The case of rural Bulgaria," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 22(03), pages 1-21.
    4. B. Urban & J. Chantson, 2019. "Academic entrepreneurship in South Africa: testing for entrepreneurial intentions," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 948-980, June.
    5. Philipp Kruse, 2020. "Can there only be one? – an empirical comparison of four models on social entrepreneurial intention formation," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 641-665, June.
    6. Asim Nasar & Suzilawati Kamarudin & Adriana Mohd Rizal & Vu Thi Bich Ngoc & Samar Mohammad Shoaib, 2019. "Short-Term and Long-Term Entrepreneurial Intention Comparison between Pakistan and Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-26, November.
    7. Paola Bernardi & Alberto Bertello & Canio Forliano & Ludovico Bullini Orlandi, 2022. "Beyond the “ivory tower”. Comparing academic and non-academic knowledge on social entrepreneurship," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 999-1032, September.
    8. Colin Donaldson & Francisco Liñán & Joaquin Alegre, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Intentions: Moving the Field Forwards," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 30(1), pages 30-55, March.
    9. Preeti Tiwari & Anil K. Bhat & Jyoti Tikoria, 2017. "An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 7(1), pages 1-25, December.
    10. Inés Ruiz-Rosa & Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño & Francisco J. García-Rodríguez, 2020. "Social Entrepreneurial Intention and the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Structural Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    11. Christopher Schlaegel & Michael Koenig, 2014. "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta–Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(2), pages 291-332, March.
    12. Grisna Anggadwita & Veland Ramadani & Anggraeni Permatasari & Dini Turipanam Alamanda, 2021. "Key determinants of women’s entrepreneurial intentions in encouraging social empowerment," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 15(2), pages 309-334, June.
    13. Rrezon Lajçi & Gentrit Berisha & Besnik Krasniqi, 2024. "Making of intrapreneurial managers: Investigating unethical behavior, risk-taking, and decision-making speed as antecedents," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 20(2), pages 53-74.
    14. Katharina Fellnhofer & Susan Mueller, 2018. "“I Want to Be Like You!”: The Influence of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 26(02), pages 113-153, June.
    15. Karina Bogatyreva & Galina Shirokova, 2017. "From Entrepreneurial Aspirations to Founding a Business: The Case of Russian Students," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 11(3), pages 25-36.

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