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Intersectional Representation Between Gender, Religion, and Nationality

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  • Osnat Akirav

Abstract

Immigrants who came to Europe in recent decades (work immigrants and/or refugees) grapple with intersectional identities, such as religion, nationality and gender, yet current political research addresses these issues only in part. To address these omissions, I conducted a content analysis of all parliamentary questions Muslim representatives raised in their parliamentary activities in three Western countries. I also investigated whether the representatives' invisibility pertains only to their descriptive representation or whether it affects their substantive representation by analyzing five research hypotheses for differences in the content of the parliamentary questions. I found that male and female Muslim representatives ask parliamentary questions about Muslim men and women. In addition, I developed an Intersectional Representation Index to measure and demonstrate the complexities Muslim representatives face in Western countries. The index shows that such representatives have several identities, some of which have become invisible, as previous studies indicated.

Suggested Citation

  • Osnat Akirav, 2022. "Intersectional Representation Between Gender, Religion, and Nationality," Review of European Studies, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(4), pages 1-32, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:resjnl:v:13:y:2022:i:4:p:32
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Irene Bloemraad & Alicia Sheares, 2017. "Understanding Membership in a World of Global Migration: (How) Does Citizenship Matter?," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 823-867, December.
    2. Shane Martin, 2011. "Using Parliamentary Questions to Measure Constituency Focus: An Application to the Irish Case," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 59(2), pages 472-488, June.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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