IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/jsd123/v11y2018i5p126.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Community Contribution Companies and Access to Social Finance

Author

Listed:
  • Bridget M Horel
  • Kevin McKague

Abstract

There is widespread agreement that innovative funding solutions are necessary to address capital requirements of social enterprises, social purpose businesses and not-for-profits in the social economy. The community contribution company (C3) is a legal organizational form for social enterprise, introduced in British Columbia, Canada, in 2013. In creating this legal form, the British Columbia government intended to provide social entrepreneurs with a recognized legal structure designed, in part, to assist social enterprises in gaining access to investment capital. Drawing on interviews from 14 of the 35 registered C3s and a review of filing data, this study provides information to help understand what attracted organizational founders to the C3 model, what challenges are experienced by C3s engaging with investors and financial institutions, and what opportunities there are for improvement to the C3 legal form. This study found that reasons outside a motivation to access investment capital are key driving factors for incorporating as a C3; there is currently a low level of engagement from impact investors; financial incentives may have a role in increasing investment in C3s; and there is an expressed need and opportunity to enhance education about the model to further support C3s. While the consensus from interview respondents was that benefits of incorporating as a C3 outweighed disadvantages, we found that the model has not helped organizations attract social finance and investment. As this model is in relatively early stages of implementation, the lessons learned in this study can inform investors, social finance intermediaries, entrepreneurs, and policy makers.

Suggested Citation

  • Bridget M Horel & Kevin McKague, 2018. "Community Contribution Companies and Access to Social Finance," Journal of Sustainable Development, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(5), pages 126-126, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:jsd123:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:126
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/download/0/0/37004/37127
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/0/37004
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antony Bugg-Levine & John Goldstein, 2009. "Impact investing: harnessing capital markets to solve problems at scale," Community Development Innovation Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue 2, pages 30-41.
    2. Sean Geobey & Frances R. Westley & Olaf Weber, 2012. "Enabling Social Innovation through Developmental Social Finance," Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(2), pages 151-165, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Syrus M. Islam, 2022. "Impact investing in social sector organisations: a systematic review and research agenda," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(1), pages 709-737, March.
    2. Céline Louche & Daniel Arenas & Katinka Cranenburgh, 2012. "From Preaching to Investing: Attitudes of Religious Organisations Towards Responsible Investment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 110(3), pages 301-320, October.
    3. Tania Pereira Christopoulos & Pedro Verga Matos & Rafael Drumond Borges, 2024. "An Ecosystem for Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation: How the State Integrates Actors for Developing Impact Investing in Portugal," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 7968-7992, June.
    4. Othmar Manfred Lehner & Alex Nicholls & Sarah Beatrice Kapplmüller, 2022. "Arenas of Contestation: A Senian Social Justice Perspective on the Nature of Materiality in Impact Measurement," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(4), pages 971-989, September.
    5. Laura Toschi & Elisa Ughetto & Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, 2023. "The identity of social impact venture capitalists: exploring social linguistic positioning and linguistic distinctiveness through text mining," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 1249-1280, March.
    6. Clarkin John E. & L. Cangioni Carole, 2016. "Impact Investing: A Primer and Review of the Literature," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 6(2), pages 135-173, April.
    7. Paul Langley & Andrew Leyshon, 2017. "Capitalizing on the crowd: The monetary and financial ecologies of crowdfunding," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(5), pages 1019-1039, May.
    8. Miguel Ángel Martín Valmayor & Beatriz Duarte Monedero & Luis A. Gil-Alana, 2021. "The Social Balance Sheet as Part of the Annual Report in Financial Institutions. A Case Study: Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    9. Colby Dailey & Ben Thornley, 2010. "Building scale in community impact investing through nonfinancial performance measurement," Community Development Innovation Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue 01, pages 01-46.
    10. Faraudello Alessandra & Barreca Manuela & Iannaci Daniel & Lanzara Federica, 2021. "The Impact of Social Enterprises: A Bibliometric Analysis From 1991 to 2020," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(3), pages 421-434, May.
    11. Christian Omobhude & Shih-Hsin Chen, 2019. "Social Innovation for Sustainability: The Case of Oil Producing Communities in the Niger Delta region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-26, November.
    12. Brandstetter Lisa & Lehner Othmar M., 2015. "Opening the Market for Impact Investments: The Need for Adapted Portfolio Tools," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 87-107, April.
    13. Ivan Stepanets & Leila Shafiieva, 2021. "Development of conceptual provisions for investment support of balanced socio-economic development of the region," Technology audit and production reserves, Socionet;Technology audit and production reserves, vol. 4(4(60)), pages 52-56.
    14. Shome, Samik & Hassan, M. Kabir & Verma, Sushma & Panigrahi, Tushar Ranjan, 2023. "Impact investment for sustainable development: A bibliometric analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 770-800.
    15. Thomas André, 2015. "Managing Societal Performance of Impact Investing: An Action Research Inquiry," Working Papers hal-01211725, HAL.
    16. Scognamiglio, Elisabetta & Di Lorenzo, Emilia & Sibillo, Marilena & Trotta, Annarita, 2019. "Social uncertainty evaluation in Social Impact Bonds: Review and framework," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 40-56.
    17. Thomas Wainwright & Graham Manville, 2017. "Financialization and the third sector: Innovation in social housing bond markets," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(4), pages 819-838, April.
    18. Syrus M. Islam & Ahsan Habib, 2024. "How impact investing firms use reference frameworks to manage their impact performance: An industry‐level study," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 64(1), pages 161-184, March.
    19. Ozili, Peterson K, 2021. "Digital finance, green finance and social finance: is there a link?," MPRA Paper 110151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Kai Hockerts & Lisa Hehenberger & Stefan Schaltegger & Vanina Farber, 2022. "Defining and Conceptualizing Impact Investing: Attractive Nuisance or Catalyst?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(4), pages 937-950, September.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ibn:jsd123:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:126. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Canadian Center of Science and Education (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepflch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.