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Health Care Expenditure and GDP in Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence From OPEC Data, 1995-2012

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  • Ali Akbar Fazaeli
  • Hossein Ghaderi
  • Masoud Salehi
  • Ali Reza Fazaeli

Abstract

BACKGROUND- There is a large body of literature examining income in relation to health expenditures. The share of expenditures in health sector from GDP in developed countries is often larger than in non-developed countries, suggesting that as the level of economic growth increases, health spending increase, too. OBJECTIVES- This paper estimates long-run relationships between health expenditures and GDP based on panel data of a sample of 12 countries of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), using data for the period 1995-2012. PATIENTS & METHODS- We use panel data unit root tests, cointegration analysis and ECM model to find long-run and short-run relation. This study examines whether health is a luxury or a necessity for OPEC countries within a unit root and cointegration framework. RESULTS- Panel data analysis indicates that health expenditures and GDP are co-integrated and have Engle and Granger causality. In addition, in oil countries that have oil export income, the share of government expenditures in the health sector is often greater than in private health expenditures similar developed countries. CONCLUSIONS- The findings verify that health care is not a luxury good and income has a robust relationship to health expenditures in OPEC countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Akbar Fazaeli & Hossein Ghaderi & Masoud Salehi & Ali Reza Fazaeli, 2016. "Health Care Expenditure and GDP in Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence From OPEC Data, 1995-2012," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(2), pages 1-93, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:gjhsjl:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:93
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomasz Rokicki & Aleksandra Perkowska & Marcin Ratajczak, 2020. "Differentiation in Healthcare Financing in EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.

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