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Energy Use Patterns of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) Production in Haryana, India

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  • Raveena Kargwal

    (Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Yadvika

    (Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Vijay Kumar Singh

    (Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Mahamaya College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Ambedkarnagar, (ANDUAT, Ayodhya), Akbarpur 224122, India)

  • Anil Kumar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
    Centre for Energy and Environment, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India)

Abstract

Pearl millet ( Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. A resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 March 2021 decided to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets. Millet has been promoted due to its nutritional value and low irrigation requirement. In this study, pearl millet was selected for energy auditing, and its production amount is a direct function of energy input. The production of pearl millet needs to be augmented to fulfill an increasing demand. Pearl millet is produced using various sources of energy. This study was conducted to examine the energy use pattern of different categories of farmers, such as small, medium and large, for pearl millet production in Hisar district, Haryana, India. The energy was distributed in different operations, including preparatory tillage, sowing, interculture, fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide, harvesting, threshing and transportation. The source-wise energy (direct and indirect) and operation-wise energy consumption were calculated for all categories of farmers. The average energy input of small, medium and large farmers was 2849.09 MJ.ha −1 , 3027.21 MJ.ha −1 and 4021.50 MJ.ha −1 , respectively. The highest energy was consumed in fertilizer application (52%), with the lowest in seed (2%). The energy ratios of small, medium and large farmers were 3.92, 9.40 and 13.80, respectively. This study could improve the agricultural production systems of pearl millet regarding the energy values of the inputs and outputs.

Suggested Citation

  • Raveena Kargwal & Yadvika & Vijay Kumar Singh & Anil Kumar, 2023. "Energy Use Patterns of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) Production in Haryana, India," World, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jworld:v:4:y:2023:i:2:p:17-258:d:1126884
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    References listed on IDEAS

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