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Life Cycle Assessment under Uncertainty: A Scoping Review

Author

Listed:
  • Zahir Barahmand

    (Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway)

  • Marianne S. Eikeland

    (Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway)

Abstract

Today, life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most widely used approach to model and calculate the environmental impacts of products and processes. The results of LCAs are often said to be deterministic, even though the real-life applications are uncertain and vague. The uncertainty, which may be simply ignored, is one of the key factors influencing the reliability of LCA outcomes. Numerous sources of uncertainty in LCA are classified in various ways, such as parameter and model uncertainty, choices, spatial variability, temporal variability, variability between sources and objects, etc. Through a scoping review, the present study aims to identify and assess the frequency with which LCA studies reflect the uncertainty and what are the tools to cope with the uncertainty to map the knowledge gaps in the field to reveal the challenges and opportunities to have a robust LCA model. It is also investigated which database, methodology, software, etc., have been used in the life cycle assessment process. The results indicate that the most significant sources of uncertainty were in the model and process parameters, data variability, and the use of different methodologies and databases. The probabilistic approach or stochastic modeling, using numerical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation, was the dominating tool to cope with the uncertainty. There were four dominant LCA methodologies: CML, ReCiPe, IMPACT 2002+, and TRACI. The most commonly used LCA software and databases were SimaPro ® and Ecoinvent ® , respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahir Barahmand & Marianne S. Eikeland, 2022. "Life Cycle Assessment under Uncertainty: A Scoping Review," World, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-26, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jworld:v:3:y:2022:i:3:p:39-717:d:910531
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    Cited by:

    1. Zoppi, Giulia & Tito, Edoardo & Bianco, Isabella & Pipitone, Giuseppe & Pirone, Raffaele & Bensaid, Samir, 2023. "Life cycle assessment of the biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass in a hydrothermal liquefaction – aqueous phase reforming integrated biorefinery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 375-385.
    2. Denise Filippin & Anna Rita Sarni & Gianluca Rizzo & Luciana Baroni, 2023. "Environmental Impact of Two Plant-Based, Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets: The Vegan Diet vs. the Mediterranean Diet," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Rudha Khudhair Mohammed & Hooman Farzaneh, 2023. "Life Cycle Environmental Impacts Assessment of Post-Combustion Carbon Capture for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant in Iraq, Considering Grassroots and Retrofit Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-35, February.

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