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A Non-Parametric Delphi Approach to Foster Innovation Policy Debate in Spain

Author

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  • Juan Carlos Salazar-Elena

    (Department of Development Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain)

  • M. Paloma Sánchez

    (Department of Development Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain)

  • F. Javier Otamendi

    (Departamento Economía Aplicada I e Historia e Instituciones Económicas y Filosofía Moral, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos URJC, Madrid 28933, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to identify some changes needed in Spain’s innovation policy to fill the gap between its innovation results and those of other European countries in lieu of sustainable leadership. To do this we apply the Delphi methodology to experts from academia, business, and government. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional descriptive methods, we develop an inferential analysis by following a non-parametric bootstrap method which enables us to identify important changes that should be implemented. Particularly interesting is the support found for improving the interconnections among the relevant agents of the innovation system (instead of focusing exclusively in the provision of knowledge and technological inputs through R and D activities), or the support found for “soft” policy instruments aimed at providing a homogeneous framework to assess the innovation capabilities of firms (e.g., for funding purposes). Attention to potential innovators among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and traditional industries is particularly encouraged by experts.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Carlos Salazar-Elena & M. Paloma Sánchez & F. Javier Otamendi, 2016. "A Non-Parametric Delphi Approach to Foster Innovation Policy Debate in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:5:p:487-:d:70301
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    Cited by:

    1. Sylvia Novillo-Villegas & Ricardo Ayala-Andrade & Juan Pablo Lopez-Cox & Javier Salazar-Oyaneder & Patricia Acosta-Vargas, 2022. "A Roadmap for Innovation Capacity in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Sylvia Novillo-Villegas & Patricia Acosta-Vargas & Christian Cruz-Boada & Mateo Garzon & Andre Marin-Dett & Wendy Anzules-Falcones, 2022. "Sustaining the Path for Innovation Capability from a Developing Country Perspective: A Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Victoria Austin & Kate Mattick & Cathy Holloway, 2021. "“This Is the Story of Community Leadership with Political Backing. (PM1)” Critical Junctures in Paralympic Legacy: Framing the London 2012 Disability Inclusion Model for New Global Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Ana Fernandez-Zubieta & Irene Ramos-Vielba, 2018. "Research & Innovation in Spain 2016," INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) Working Paper Series 201702, INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), revised 08 Jan 2020.

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