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Residential Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater Performance Testing and Feasibility Analysis in Cold Climate

Author

Listed:
  • King Tung

    (Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Rakesh Kumar

    (Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Alan S. Fung

    (Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Wey H. Leong

    (Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

Abstract

As new energy-efficient technologies emerge, space and water heating systems are continuously evolving. The latest generation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in Canada and other countries is shifting away from natural gas heating to cleaner electrical options, such as air-source heat pump water heaters (ASHPWH). While many studies focus on reducing space heating, research on the effectiveness of ASHPWHs in cold climates is limited. This study aims to fill that knowledge gap by analyzing the performance of ASHPWHs in typical home applications across various climates in Canada. An experimental setup was constructed, and TRNSYS modeling was employed to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental performances of these systems in comparison to existing natural gas and conventional electric water heating systems. The findings of this research indicate that ASHPWHs possess the capability to substantially decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when compared to conventional natural gas-fired water heaters. Despite this significant environmental benefit, ASHPWHs may not be the most cost-effective option due to the prevailing natural gas pricing structure. Nevertheless, there is potential for these systems to become more economically viable in the future, particularly if an appropriate level of carbon pricing mechanisms is implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • King Tung & Rakesh Kumar & Alan S. Fung & Wey H. Leong, 2025. "Residential Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater Performance Testing and Feasibility Analysis in Cold Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:5:p:2234-:d:1605274
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Treichel, Calene & Cruickshank, Cynthia A., 2021. "Energy analysis of heat pump water heaters coupled with air-based solar thermal collectors in Canada and the United States," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
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