Safe and Sustainable City: Exploring the Impact of Urban Factors on Crime Occurrence

Safety, a critical component of sustainable development, necessitates an integrated approach in which urban planning assumes a central role. This study investigates the relationship between urban form and crime incidents in public spaces within the center of the city. This study was conducted in the city of Łódź, located in central Poland. Through geolocated data, this research explores crime incidents that, while not the most severe, disrupt public order and impact the overall quality of life. This study fills a gap in the existing literature by analyzing spatial variables such as urban vibrancy and the presence of alcohol outlets, alongside other urban elements. The analysis incorporates a variety of urban form variables, including land development indices, the functional layout of the urban neighborhood, pedestrian infrastructure, public space amenities, and facilities. Urban vibrancy, represented by the density of human activity, is also assessed in relation to crime incidents. The results indicate significant correlations between certain urban features and the occurrence of crime incidents, particularly the presence of public amenities and small businesses. While these findings suggest that urban design can influence crime rates, further panel and time-series regression analysis is needed to confirm these dynamics. Aligned with the 11th Sustainable Development Goal, this study provides insights that could inform urban planning strategies, offering recommendations to enhance both the functionality and safety of city centers. By understanding how urban design elements contribute to public safety, policymakers can develop more effective and targeted spatial planning strategies that promote not only aesthetics and functionality but also the well-being and security of residents.