Analysis of the Sustainable Development Pathway of Urban–Rural Integration from the Perspective of Spatial Planning: A Case Study of the Urban–Rural Fringe of Beijing

This study employs various comprehensive research methods to thoroughly analyze the relationship between urban–rural integration and sustainable development, proposing corresponding optimization pathways. First, a literature review method systematically examines existing theories on urban–rural integration and sustainable development. Then, it identifies the main problems and challenges in the current process of urban–rural integration, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for the study. Second, a case study approach is adopted, selecting Caoqiao Village in Fengtai District, Zhenggezhuang Village in Changping District, and Xihoujie Village in Majuqiao Town, Tongzhou District of Beijing, as typical cases. These cases are analyzed in depth to explore their implementation outcomes and validate the practical results of different development pathways. Subsequently, based on specific data from Beijing’s urban–rural fringe, this study utilizes data analysis methods to conduct an in-depth examination of land use changes, ecological environment status, and influencing factors, with a focus on analyzing relevant data from 2009 to 2023. This analysis reveals the dynamic relationship between urban–rural integration and sustainable development. Regression analysis is adopted to quantify the effect of urban–rural integration on sustainable development, thus exploring the correlation between urban–rural integration, spatial planning, economic development, financial development, and sustainable development. Finally, targeted management recommendations and policy optimization plans are proposed based on the principles of ecological protection red lines and urban development boundaries. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between urban–rural integration and sustainable development levels, with a regression coefficient of 0.48, demonstrating its role in promoting sustainable development. The levels of spatial planning and economic development also positively affect sustainable development, with coefficients of 0.32 and 0.27, respectively. Moreover, financial development and social investment levels show a certain positive relationship. It is noteworthy that although the correlation between foreign trade and sustainable development levels is the lowest, the interconnections between other variables further emphasize the key position of urban–rural integration in overall sustainable development. This study offers a theoretical basis and empirical support for spatial planning in the urban–rural fringe of Beijing, ecological environment protection, and scientific policy formulation, thus advancing sustainable urban development.