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Numerical Simulation Analysis and Prevention Measures of Dynamic Disaster Risk in Coal Seam Variation Areas During Deep Mining

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  • Chenglin Tian

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China
    College of Safety and Environmental Engineering (College of Safety and Emergency Management), Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
    National Engineering Laboratory for Coalmine Backfilling Mining, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

  • Xu Wang

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China
    National Engineering Laboratory for Coalmine Backfilling Mining, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

  • Yong Sun

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

  • Qingbiao Wang

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China
    National Engineering Laboratory for Coalmine Backfilling Mining, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

  • Xuelong Li

    (College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China)

  • Zhenyue Shi

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China
    National Engineering Laboratory for Coalmine Backfilling Mining, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

  • Keyong Wang

    (College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian 271019, China)

Abstract

Deep coal mining is essential for energy use and sustainable development. In a situation where coal–rock–gas dynamic disasters are prone to occur in coal seam variation areas affected by different degrees of roof angle during deep coal seam mining, a disaster energy equation considering the influence of roof elastic energy is established, and the disaster energy criterion considering the influence of roof elastic energy is derived and introduced into COMSOL6.1 software for numerical simulation. The results show that, compared with the simple change of coal thickness and coal strength, the stress concentration degree of a thick coal belt with small structure is higher, and the maximum horizontal stress can reach 47.6 MPa. There is a short rise area of gas pressure in front of the working face, and the maximum gas pressure reaches 0.82 MPa. The plastic deformation of the coal body in a small-structure thick coal belt is the largest, and the maximum value is 18.04 m 3 . The simulated elastic energy of rock mass is about one third of that of coal mass, and the influence of the elastic energy of roof rock on a disaster cannot be ignored. When the coal seam is excavated from thin to thick with a small-structural thick coal belt, the peak value of the energy criterion in front of the excavation face is the largest, and the maximum value is 1.42, indicating that a dynamic disaster can occur and the harm degree will be the greatest. It is easy to cause a coal and gas outburst accident when the excavation face enters a soft coal seam from a hard coal seam and a small-structural thick coal belt from a thin coal belt. Practice shows that holistic prevention and control measures based on high-pressure water jet slit drilling technology make it possible to increase the average pure volume of gas extracted from the drilled holes by 4.5 times, and the stress peak is shifted to the deeper part of the coal wall. At the same time, the use of encrypted drilling in local small tectonic thick coal zones can effectively attenuate the concentrated stress in the coal seam and reduce the expansion energy of gas. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanism of coal–rock–gas dynamic disaster, provides methods and a basis for the prevention and control of dynamic disaster in deep coal seam variation areas, and promotes the sustainable development of energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenglin Tian & Xu Wang & Yong Sun & Qingbiao Wang & Xuelong Li & Zhenyue Shi & Keyong Wang, 2025. "Numerical Simulation Analysis and Prevention Measures of Dynamic Disaster Risk in Coal Seam Variation Areas During Deep Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-24, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:3:p:810-:d:1572229
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhengshuai Liu & Longyong Shu & Zhonggang Huo & Yongpeng Fan, 2023. "Numerical Study on the Mechanism of Coal and Gas Outburst in the Coal Seam Thickening Area during Mining," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Yuxi Hao & Mingliang Li & Wen Wang & Zhizeng Zhang & Zhun Li, 2023. "Study on the Stress Distribution and Stability Control of Surrounding Rock of Reserved Roadway with Hard Roof," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Cheng Zhai & Xianwei Xiang & Jizhao Xu & Shiliang Wu, 2016. "The characteristics and main influencing factors affecting coal and gas outbursts in Chinese Pingdingshan mining region," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(1), pages 507-530, May.
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