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Integrated Renewable Energy Systems for Buildings: An Assessment of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Sustainability

Author

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  • Hossam A. Gabbar

    (Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G0C5, Canada)

  • A. Ramadan

    (Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G0C5, Canada
    College of Engineering (Cairo Branch), Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Elhorria, Cairo P.O. Box 2033, Egypt)

Abstract

Developing a green energy strategy for municipalities requires creating a framework to support the local production, storage, and use of renewable energy and green hydrogen. This framework should cover essential components for small-scale applications, including energy sources, infrastructure, potential uses, policy backing, and collaborative partnerships. It is deployed as a small-scale renewable and green hydrogen unit in a municipality or building demands meticulous planning and considering multiple elements. Municipality can promote renewable energy and green hydrogen by adopting policies such as providing financial incentives like property tax reductions, grants, and subsidies for solar, wind, and hydrogen initiatives. They can also streamline approval processes for renewable energy installations, invest in hydrogen refueling stations and community energy projects, and collaborate with provinces and neighboring municipalities to develop hydrogen corridors and large-scale renewable projects. Renewable energy and clean hydrogen have significant potential to enhance sustainability in the transportation, building, and mining sectors by replacing fossil fuels. In Canada, where heating accounts for 80% of building energy use, blending hydrogen with LPG can reduce emissions. This study proposes a comprehensive approach integrating renewable energy and green hydrogen to support small-scale applications. The study examines many scenarios in a building as a case study, focusing on economic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts. The optimum scenario uses a hybrid renewable energy system to meet two distinct electrical needs, with 53% designated for lighting and 10% for equipment with annual saving CAD$ 87,026.33. The second scenario explores utilizing a hydrogen-LPG blend as fuel for thermal loads, covering 40% and 60% of the total demand, respectively. This approach reduces greenhouse gas emissions from 540 to 324 tCO 2 /year, resulting in an annual savings of CAD$ 251,406. This innovative approach demonstrates the transformative potential of renewable energy and green hydrogen in enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability across sectors, including transportation, buildings, and mining.

Suggested Citation

  • Hossam A. Gabbar & A. Ramadan, 2025. "Integrated Renewable Energy Systems for Buildings: An Assessment of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-39, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:2:p:656-:d:1568080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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