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Exploring External Costs on the Example of Sea–Land Transport Chains of Refrigerated Cargo Between Spain and Poland

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  • Marcin Kalinowski

    (Department of Economics and Spatial Development, Maritime Institute, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-548 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Rafał Koba

    (Department of Economics and Spatial Development, Maritime Institute, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-548 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Patryk Lipka

    (Department of Economics and Spatial Development, Maritime Institute, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-548 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Czaplewski

    (Department of Economics and Spatial Development, Maritime Institute, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-548 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Adam Weintrit

    (Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-345 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Joanna Witkowska

    (Department of Economics and Spatial Development, Maritime Institute, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-548 Gdańsk, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify sea–land transport chains of refrigerated cargo against the background of direct road transport on the Valencia–Warsaw route based on the analysis of external costs with particular consideration of the external costs of energy production in road and sea transport. Fruits and vegetables were assumed to be a group of refrigerated cargo in the study. The considerations so far have shown that many refrigerated cargo operators transported between Spain and Poland are only sometimes guided by full and up-to-date knowledge of the amount of external costs in their transport decisions. It seems reasonable to undertake information activities at the national level addressed to cargo operators and organizations associating with them, aimed at presenting the total costs of both direct and external transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Kalinowski & Rafał Koba & Patryk Lipka & Krzysztof Czaplewski & Adam Weintrit & Joanna Witkowska, 2024. "Exploring External Costs on the Example of Sea–Land Transport Chains of Refrigerated Cargo Between Spain and Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2024:i:1:p:162-:d:1555516
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David GUERRERO & Fernando GONZALEZ LAXE & Maria-Jesus FREIRE SEOANE & Carlos PAIS MONTES, 2015. "A Geographical Analysis Of The Relationship Between Inland Accessibility And Maritime Transport Supply," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 41, pages 33-46.
    2. Faissal Jelti & Amine Allouhi & Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, 2023. "Transition Paths towards a Sustainable Transportation System: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, October.
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