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Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Groundwater Ecological Function in Arid/Semiarid Regions of China: A Review

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  • Haohao Cui

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Mingjiang Yan

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Qian Wang

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
    Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Guanghui Zhang

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

  • Huimin Feng

    (College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China)

  • Xujuan Lang

    (School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

Abstract

In arid and semi-arid areas, due to drought climate and shortage of water resources, groundwater is crucial for natural ecological protection and economic development. It serves a dual role as a resource function and an ecological function. However, with the continuous improvement of the exploitation and utilization of groundwater by human activities during rapid economic development, the phenomenon of groundwater overexploitation is becoming more and more serious, which has destroyed the natural balance of groundwater recharge and discharge. As a result, natural vegetation has lost the maintenance of the ecological function of groundwater, and a series of ecological and environmental problems have occurred, such as natural vegetation degradation, land desertification, sandstorms, and so on. In recent years, scholars have carried out research on groundwater resource management and optimization of water resource allocation, trying to solve the problem of water balance in arid regions. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding and systematization regarding influencing factors and degeneration mechanisms related to groundwater’s ecological function. By summarizing and analyzing the previous research results, this paper summarizes the influencing factors, evaluation methods, existing problems and future directions of groundwater ecological function research in China to provide a reference for rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater and ecological protection. This paper is divided into four main contents. The first part introduces the definition of groundwater ecological function (GEF); the second part summarizes the research status of influencing factors of GEF, including the groundwater table depth, vegetation root system and lithologic structure of vadose zone, etc.; the third part analyzes the evaluation of groundwater ecological function; the fourth part discusses the existing problems in the study of groundwater ecological functions, and based on the above research the evaluation framework of GEF is proposed with the Shiyang River basin as a case study; and finally, it highlights the future research directions about GEF.

Suggested Citation

  • Haohao Cui & Mingjiang Yan & Qian Wang & Guanghui Zhang & Huimin Feng & Xujuan Lang, 2024. "Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Groundwater Ecological Function in Arid/Semiarid Regions of China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:4:p:1631-:d:1339833
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Chunlei & Jia, Xiaoxu & Shao, Ming’an & Zhu, Yuanjun, 2021. "Regional variations in plant-available soil water storage and related driving factors in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    2. Gonzalo Miguez-Macho & Ying Fan, 2021. "Spatiotemporal origin of soil water taken up by vegetation," Nature, Nature, vol. 598(7882), pages 624-628, October.
    3. Feng Huang & Yude Zhang & Danrong Zhang & Xi Chen, 2019. "Environmental Groundwater Depth for Groundwater-Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems in Arid/Semiarid Regions: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-13, March.
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