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Smart Cities and Greener Futures: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China’s Smart City Construction

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  • Chengfeng Yu

    (School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Jiyu Yu

    (School of Finance, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China)

  • Da Gao

    (School of Law and Business, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China)

Abstract

As the digital economy becomes the new engine of economic growth, China has introduced a series of smart city policies aimed at promoting high-quality and sustainable urban development. This paper aims to evaluate the green development effects of China’s “Smart City Pilot” policy and to explore the heterogeneity of policy effects across different types of cities. Using panel data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020, this study examines the relationship between smart city construction policy and urban green development efficiency using the green total factor productivity (GTFP). We employ the Causal Forest and mediation effect models to estimate the impact of smart city pilot policy on GTFP and explore the underlying mechanisms. The main results are: (1) The smart city pilot policy significantly enhances urban GTFP, a finding consistent across diverse policy evaluation approaches. (2) The influence of the policy on green development varies among cities, and such heterogeneity is effectively captured by the Causal Forest. (3) This varied impact primarily stems from urban location factors and inherent characteristics. Notably, the policy effect in Eastern China outpaces that in other regions. The policy yields greater green benefits with financial development and medical capital rises, but excessive government public expenditure curtails its positive influence. (4) The mediation mechanisms through which the smart city pilot policy promotes green development exhibit certain differences between the “high-effect group” and the “low-effect group”. The former predominantly leverages innovation-driven and agglomeration effects, while the latter chiefly relies on industrial structural advancement and rationalization.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengfeng Yu & Jiyu Yu & Da Gao, 2024. "Smart Cities and Greener Futures: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China’s Smart City Construction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:929-:d:1324031
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Rehill, 2024. "How do applied researchers use the Causal Forest? A methodological review of a method," Papers 2404.13356, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2024.

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