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Advanced Frequency Control Technique Using GTO with Balloon Effect for Microgrids with Photovoltaic Source to Lower Harmful Emissions and Protect Environment

Author

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  • Mahmoud M. Hussein

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
    Department of Communications Technology Engineering, Technical College, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad 10053, Iraq)

  • Mohamed Nasr Abdel Hamid

    (Steel Applications, El Sewedy Electric, Cairo 11431, Egypt)

  • Tarek Hassan Mohamed

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt)

  • Ibrahim M. Al-Helal

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah Alsadon

    (Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ammar M. Hassan

    (Department of Computer Science, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, South Valley Branch, Aswan 81516, Egypt)

Abstract

Renewable energy (RE) resources such as wind and PV solar power are crucial for transitioning to carbon-free and sustainable energy systems, especially for agricultural and domestic applications in the desert and rural areas. However, implementing RE resources may lead to frequency penetrations, especially in isolated microgrids (µGs). This study proposes an adaptive load frequency control (LFC) technique for power systems. An integral controller can be tuned online using an artificial gorilla troops optimization algorithm (GTO), which is supported using a balloon effect (BE) identifier. Adaptive control is used to control the system frequency in case of variable loads and fluctuation due to 6 MW photovoltaic (PV). Three other optimization methods have been compared with the GTO + BE technique, namely the Grey Wolf Optimization method (GWO), the standard artificial gorilla troops optimization (GTO) and the Jaya technique. Digital simulation tests approved the efficiency of (GTO + BE) during system difficulties such as load disturbance and system parameter variations. In addition, the same test conditions have been repeated using a real-time simulation platform. The real-time simulation results supported the digital outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmoud M. Hussein & Mohamed Nasr Abdel Hamid & Tarek Hassan Mohamed & Ibrahim M. Al-Helal & Abdullah Alsadon & Ammar M. Hassan, 2024. "Advanced Frequency Control Technique Using GTO with Balloon Effect for Microgrids with Photovoltaic Source to Lower Harmful Emissions and Protect Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:831-:d:1321520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mario Mureddu & Guido Caldarelli & Alessandro Chessa & Antonio Scala & Alfonso Damiano, 2015. "Green Power Grids: How Energy from Renewable Sources Affects Networks and Markets," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Pascual, Julio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Ursúa, Alfredo & Sanchis, Pablo & Marroyo, Luis, 2021. "Energy management for an electro-thermal renewable–based residential microgrid with energy balance forecasting and demand side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
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