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Enhanced Landfill Mining in Thailand: Policy Implications from Qualitative Case Study Analysis

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  • Anupong Muttaraid

    (The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
    Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), Ministry of Higher Education Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10140, Thailand)

  • Sirintornthep Towprayoon

    (The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
    Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), Ministry of Higher Education Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10140, Thailand)

  • Chart Chiemchaisri

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)

  • Thapat Silalertruksa

    (Department Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand)

  • Komsilp Wangyao

    (The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
    Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), Ministry of Higher Education Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10140, Thailand)

Abstract

Limited landfill capacity and increasing waste production present obstacles for the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Thailand, where 7.1 million tons of MSW were non-sanitarily managed in 2022. This provides an opportunity for the nation to recover valuable materials and energy from landfill waste through excavation by implementing the enhanced landfill mining technique, which is consistent with business sustainability goals. This study evaluates regulatory, financial, and institutional challenges to enhanced landfill mining implementation, identifying key barriers such as Thailand’s restriction on using refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in waste-to-energy (WtE) projects, despite its higher calorific value (18–24 MJ/kg compared to 13.7–16.6 MJ/kg for fresh MSW-derived RDF). Case studies, particularly from European nations, are comparatively evaluated using a combination of qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study highlight that the potential of enhanced landfill mining in Thailand is restricted by the prohibition of the use of RDF in WtE projects, as well as a lack of financial incentives to follow existing regulations. This demonstrates that the implementation of enhanced landfill mining could be facilitated by changing Thai regulations to permit the use of RDF in WtE projects and providing financial incentives such as tax credits and feed-in tariffs. Implementing such reforms can help Thailand achieve its sustainability objectives while reducing the amount of waste in landfills and generating energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Anupong Muttaraid & Sirintornthep Towprayoon & Chart Chiemchaisri & Thapat Silalertruksa & Komsilp Wangyao, 2024. "Enhanced Landfill Mining in Thailand: Policy Implications from Qualitative Case Study Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:24:p:11181-:d:1548194
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    References listed on IDEAS

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