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Eco-Pozzolans as Raw Material for Sustainable Construction Industry: Comparative Evaluation of Reactivity Through Direct and Indirect Methods

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  • Gabriela Pitolli Lyra

    (Postdoctoral Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Afonso José Felício Peres Duran

    (Material Sciences and Engineering Graduate Program, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil)

  • Mauro Mitsuuchi Tashima

    (Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 València, Spain)

  • María Victoria Borrachero

    (Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 València, Spain)

  • Lourdes Soriano

    (Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 València, Spain)

  • Jordi Payá

    (Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 València, Spain)

  • João Adriano Rossignolo

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil)

Abstract

A solution to reduce the consumption of raw materials and the generation of greenhouse gases is the partial replacement of clinker (the main constituent of cement) with supplementary cementitious materials. This study aimed to compare the reactivity of ten supplementary cementitious materials—synthetic/commercial ones and those from industrial and agricultural waste (eco-pozzolans). The characterization of the raw materials was carried out using X-ray fluorescence, the loss on ignition, X-ray diffraction, and the determination of the amorphous silica content and particle size distribution. The pozzolanicity assessment was carried out using the Frattini test (direct method) and electrical conductivity and pH tests (indirect method), with the latter presenting greater sensitivity and precision, enabling us to classify the pozzolan reactivity. Although synthetic/commercial pozzolans have higher silica content, the eco-pozzolans showed excellent reactivity results, thus indicating their use as sustainable pozzolans, presenting characteristics that enhance the performance of cement matrices and reduce the environmental impacts of production. Nyasil and rice leaf ash were the pozzolans that presented the greatest reactivity among those studied. The obtained results suggest that using industrial/agricultural waste like reactive pozzolans can help to mitigate the adverse impacts of cement production, address natural resource shortages, and promote a circular economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriela Pitolli Lyra & Afonso José Felício Peres Duran & Mauro Mitsuuchi Tashima & María Victoria Borrachero & Lourdes Soriano & Jordi Payá & João Adriano Rossignolo, 2024. "Eco-Pozzolans as Raw Material for Sustainable Construction Industry: Comparative Evaluation of Reactivity Through Direct and Indirect Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:22:p:10087-:d:1524419
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cai, Bofeng & Wang, Jinnan & He, Jie & Geng, Yong, 2016. "Evaluating CO2 emission performance in China’s cement industry: An enterprise perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 191-200.
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