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Spatial Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Eutrophication Potential from Livestock Manure in Bangladesh

Author

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  • Zinat Mahal

    (Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Doctoral Program in Environmental Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan)

  • Helmut Yabar

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan)

  • Takeshi Mizunoya

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan)

Abstract

Large amounts of livestock manure production in Bangladesh have created a challenge to the environment by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and eutrophication potential (EP) risk. Though some studies have identified the impact of manure on emissions, the consequences of manure exploitation on water bodies are very rare. This study investigated the effects of livestock manure on both air and water environments in the regional context of Bangladesh. Mathematical equations were used to assess manure generation, GHG emissions, manure leach-out amount, EP, and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were applied to visualize the outcomes of the research. Between 1990 and 2020, the GHG emissions increased from 7451.26 to 13,244.45 kilotons CO 2 eq, and the amount of manure leach-out to water also increased from 236.49 to 493.75 kilotons over these 30 years of time. In 2023, the study demonstrated that approximately 216.97 million tons of livestock manure were produced in Bangladesh, which accounted for a total GHG emission of 16.61 million tons CO 2 eq, and about 62.19 million tons of manure leached out to water, which has a total EP of 295.22 kg N-eq/ha/year. This study offers regional pattern emission intensity and eutrophication-susceptible area maps, which indicate the stimulus of livestock manure across Bangladesh. A long-term impact study, distinctive map formation, and eutrophication susceptibility analysis will be helpful for implementing specific policies and strategies to improve the environment of the livestock sector in Bangladesh.

Suggested Citation

  • Zinat Mahal & Helmut Yabar & Takeshi Mizunoya, 2024. "Spatial Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Eutrophication Potential from Livestock Manure in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:13:p:5479-:d:1423871
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cherobim, Verediana Fernanda & Huang, Chi-Hua & Favaretto, Nerilde, 2017. "Tillage system and time post-liquid dairy manure: Effects on runoff, sediment and nutrients losses," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 96-103.
    2. Syed Turab Raza & Jia Liang Tang & Zulfiqar Ali & Zhiyuan Yao & Hamidou Bah & Hassan Iqbal & Xiao Ren, 2020. "Ammonia Volatilization and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Vermicomposting with Animal Manures and Biochar to Enhance Sustainability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Saaty, Thomas L., 1990. "How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 9-26, September.
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