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Second-Generation Bio-Fuels: Strategies for Employing Degraded Land for Climate Change Mitigation Meeting United Nation-Sustainable Development Goals

Author

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  • Atreyi Pramanik

    (Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Aashna Sinha

    (Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Kundan Kumar Chaubey

    (Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Sujata Hariharan

    (Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Deen Dayal

    (Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Rakesh Kumar Bachheti

    (Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia)

  • Archana Bachheti

    (Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Anuj K. Chandel

    (Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Estrada Municipal do Campinho, N°. 100, Lorena, São Paulo 12602-810, Brazil)

Abstract

Increased Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from both natural and man-made systems contribute to climate change. In addition to reducing the use of crude petroleum’s derived fuels, and increasing tree-planting efforts and sustainable practices, air pollution can be minimized through phytoremediation. Bio-fuel from crops grown on marginal land can sustainably address climate change, global warming, and geopolitical issues. There are numerous methods for producing renewable energy from both organic and inorganic environmental resources (sunlight, air, water, tides, waves, and convective energy), and numerous technologies for doing the same with biomass with different properties and derived from different sources (food industry, agriculture, forestry). However, the production of bio-fuels is challenging and contentious in many parts of the world since it competes for soil with the growth of crops and may be harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use wildlife management techniques to provide sustainable bio-energy while maintaining or even improving essential ecosystem processes. The second generation of bio-fuels is viewed as a solution to the serious issue. Agricultural lignocellulosic waste is the primary source of second-generation bio-fuel, possibly the bio-fuel of the future. Sustainable practices to grow biomass, followed by their holistic conversion into ethanol with desired yield and productivity, are the key concerns for employing renewable energy mix successfully. In this paper, we analyze the various types of bio-fuels, their sources, and their production and impact on sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Atreyi Pramanik & Aashna Sinha & Kundan Kumar Chaubey & Sujata Hariharan & Deen Dayal & Rakesh Kumar Bachheti & Archana Bachheti & Anuj K. Chandel, 2023. "Second-Generation Bio-Fuels: Strategies for Employing Degraded Land for Climate Change Mitigation Meeting United Nation-Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7578-:d:1139882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haonan Chen & Xiaoning Cui & Yu Shi & Zhi Li & Yali Liu, 2024. "Impact of Policy Intensity on Carbon Emission Reductions: Based on the Perspective of China’s Low-Carbon Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    2. F. Balogun & H. Wang-Alho & K. Sirviö & M. Mikulski, 2024. "FTIR Analysis for Determining Stability of Methanol–HVO Blends for Non-Road Engine Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.

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