IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i16p3921-d1452360.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

FTIR Analysis for Determining Stability of Methanol–HVO Blends for Non-Road Engine Application

Author

Listed:
  • F. Balogun

    (Efficient Powertrain Solutions, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 34, 65200 Vaasa, Finland)

  • H. Wang-Alho

    (Efficient Powertrain Solutions, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 34, 65200 Vaasa, Finland)

  • K. Sirviö

    (Efficient Powertrain Solutions, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 34, 65200 Vaasa, Finland)

  • M. Mikulski

    (Efficient Powertrain Solutions, School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 34, 65200 Vaasa, Finland)

Abstract

The Green Deal targets, along with tightening emissions legislation, foster research on alternative propulsion systems. In non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), these efforts largely rally around sustainable fuels while keeping the benefits of energy security (multi-fueling) high. In this context, the blends of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Methanol (MEOH) are amongst the most promising yet under-researched alternatives and, as such, need dedicated methods for determining their suitability in engine applications. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analytics for determining the stability of MEOH-HVO mixtures. The research considers temperature effects during storage by conditioning the test samples at −20 °C and +20 °C. The stability of the blends and different co-solvents is analysed after six weeks, and FTIR spectra are used to identify the chemical bonds. From FTIR analysis, blending MEOH20 with 1-dodecanol results in stable homogenous alkyl-ether fuels, while the MEOH20 blend with methyl-butyrate results in ester fuels. There are observable differences in the blend samples according to their storage temperatures. In conclusion, both fuel blend samples formed different fuel types, which are stable and homogenous at room temperature, posing great potential for their applicability in different NRMM types.

Suggested Citation

  • F. Balogun & H. Wang-Alho & K. Sirviö & M. Mikulski, 2024. "FTIR Analysis for Determining Stability of Methanol–HVO Blends for Non-Road Engine Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:3921-:d:1452360
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/3921/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/3921/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bernd Ensing & Ambuj Tiwari & Martijn Tros & Johannes Hunger & Sérgio R. Domingos & Cristóbal Pérez & Gertien Smits & Mischa Bonn & Daniel Bonn & Sander Woutersen, 2019. "On the origin of the extremely different solubilities of polyethers in water," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Atreyi Pramanik & Aashna Sinha & Kundan Kumar Chaubey & Sujata Hariharan & Deen Dayal & Rakesh Kumar Bachheti & Archana Bachheti & Anuj K. Chandel, 2023. "Second-Generation Bio-Fuels: Strategies for Employing Degraded Land for Climate Change Mitigation Meeting United Nation-Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haonan Chen & Xiaoning Cui & Yu Shi & Zhi Li & Yali Liu, 2024. "Impact of Policy Intensity on Carbon Emission Reductions: Based on the Perspective of China’s Low-Carbon Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:3921-:d:1452360. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.