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The Spatiotemporal Variations and Potential Causes of Water Quality of Headwaters of Dongjiang River, Southeastern China

Author

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  • Jinfeng Zeng

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
    Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center in the Upper Ganjiang River, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Zuwen Liu

    (School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
    Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering and Hazards Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Xinggen Liu

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
    Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnical Engineering and Hazards Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Linan Zhang

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Jun Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

  • Yangsong Zeng

    (Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center in the Upper Ganjiang River, Ganzhou 341000, China)

Abstract

Due to the steep slope and short concentration time of flow in mountainous areas, the water environment of headwaters is easily disturbed by human activities. The spatial-temporal variation of the water environment is a key issue for the implementation of river restoration. This study aims to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of water quality and its pollution sources of the headwaters of the Dongjiang River. Water quality monitoring data over the past 6 years were collected and analyzed using principal component analysis, equal standard pollution load, and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that the water quality presents significant spatial heterogeneity, where the water quality in the middle and lower reaches is poor. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the middle and lower reaches were 18.3 and 9.5 times higher than those in the upper reaches, respectively. The water quality has tended to improve recently because of ecological compensation and environmental management. Correlation analysis shows that there were significant positive relationships among major pollutants. Critical source areas were identified, which implies that the most polluted area is located in the middle reaches. Studies have also shown that the water pollution mainly comes from livestock and poultry breeding, industrial sewage discharge, and cultivated land. Controlling the scale of construction land and adjusting the industrial structure is one of the main measures for eradicating water environment problems in headwaters in mountainous areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinfeng Zeng & Zuwen Liu & Xinggen Liu & Linan Zhang & Jun Zhang & Yangsong Zeng, 2023. "The Spatiotemporal Variations and Potential Causes of Water Quality of Headwaters of Dongjiang River, Southeastern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6455-:d:1120407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li Li & Qidi Yu & Ling Gao & Bin Yu & Zhipeng Lu, 2021. "The Effect of Urban Land-Use Change on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study in Hangzhou City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Bin Liang & Guilin Han & Man Liu & Kunhua Yang & Xiaoqiang Li & Jinke Liu, 2018. "Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Water, Southeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Xizhi Nong & Dongguo Shao & Yi Xiao & Hua Zhong, 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Characterization Analysis and Water Quality Assessment of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, June.
    4. Wenhao Wei & Rui Ma & Ziyong Sun & Aiguo Zhou & Jianwei Bu & Xiang Long & Yunde Liu, 2018. "Effects of Mining Activities on the Release of Heavy Metals (HMs) in a Typical Mountain Headwater Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang Song & Xiaoming Li & Lanbo Feng & Gui Zhang, 2024. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Coupling between Land Use/Cover Change and Water Quality in Dongjiang Lake Watershed Using Satellite Remote Sensing," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, June.

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