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A Novel Approach for Indexing Heavy Metals Pollution to Assess Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes

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  • Elsiddig Eldaw

    (Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
    College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 12304, Sudan)

  • Tao Huang

    (Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China)

  • Basheer Elubid

    (Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China)

  • Adam Khalifa Mahamed

    (Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
    College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 12304, Sudan)

  • Yahaya Mahama

    (School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China)

Abstract

The present study proposes a new approach for indexing heavy metals ions to examine groundwater quality in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan. The new approach is developed based on the most frequently used methods for indexing heavy metals pollution in water. It is created in order to avoid the weaknesses of the current indexing systems. As per the new indexing approach, heavy metal contamination in water samples is evaluated by two types of indices: the negative evaluation index (NEI) and positive evaluation index (PEI). The water worthiness is assessed based on a pair of indices, NEI and PEI. Water quality increases with the decrease of PEI and NEI values. NEI indicates the contribution of heavy metals with a concentration not exceeding the highest desirable limit ( I i ) in the water sample, while vice versa regarding the PEI. If all heavy metals concentrations in the water sample do not exceed I i , the sum of NEI should be less than zero, but not less than −100, implying that the sum of PEI will be zero. When all heavy metals concentration exceeds I i , the sum of NEI should be equal to zero, and PEI will be greater than zero. The results of the newly proposed approach have been discussed and compared with the existing indexing methods as regards to the best and worst samples. The spatial distribution of NEI and PEI are in complete agreement with the metals spatial distribution. The comparison result showed that the new index is robust, with fair calculations, and gives the best classification of groundwater quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Elsiddig Eldaw & Tao Huang & Basheer Elubid & Adam Khalifa Mahamed & Yahaya Mahama, 2020. "A Novel Approach for Indexing Heavy Metals Pollution to Assess Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1245-:d:320913
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bin Liang & Guilin Han & Man Liu & Kunhua Yang & Xiaoqiang Li & Jinke Liu, 2018. "Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Water, Southeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, December.
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