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Effect of COVID-19-Induced Changes on Job Insecurity, Presenteeism, and Turnover Intention in the Workplace—An Investigation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Hotel Employees Using the GAD-7 Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Yeon-Sun Kim

    (Department of Hotel and Tourism, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Dong-Jin Shin

    (Department of Hotel Confectionery and Bakery, Busan Health University, 16, Sari-ro, 55beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49318, Republic of Korea)

  • Bo-Kyeong Kim

    (Department of Tourism Management, Dong-a University, 225, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49236, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

In this study, we investigated COVID-19′s (coronavirus disease 2019’s) effect on job insecurity, presenteeism, and turnover intention in hotel environments by measuring hotel staffs’ generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) levels. We surveyed 351 hotel employees from the office, facilities, food and beverage, and cooking departments. Convenience sampling was performed from December 2021 to March 2022. Job insecurity was measured with seven items (easily annoyed, tension, anxiety, nervousness, a lot of worry, fear, uncontrollable worry, restlessness, and discomfort) and demonstrated a significantly positive effect on presenteeism and turnover intention in the high GAD-7 group compared with the low GAD-7 group. Our study contributes academic value to research on GAD-7 in the hotel industry. In addition, it provides a theoretical basis for the relationship between job insecurity and hotel employees’ psychological response to the pandemic. Based on the findings, we recommend periodically implementing the GAD-7 scale for employee assessments. Consequently, hotel companies can create guidelines for human resource management post-COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Yeon-Sun Kim & Dong-Jin Shin & Bo-Kyeong Kim, 2023. "Effect of COVID-19-Induced Changes on Job Insecurity, Presenteeism, and Turnover Intention in the Workplace—An Investigation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Hotel Employees Using the GAD-7 Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5377-:d:1100453
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Wei & Sun, Huiying & Woodcock, Simon & Anis, Aslam, 2015. "Illness related wage and productivity losses: Valuing ‘presenteeism’," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 62-71.
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    3. Naresh K. Malhotra & Sung S. Kim & Ashutosh Patil, 2006. "Common Method Variance in IS Research: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches and a Reanalysis of Past Research," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(12), pages 1865-1883, December.
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