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Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Fertility, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Balance in Coastal Salt-Affected Soil under Barley–Maize Rotation

Author

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  • Chong Tang

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Jingsong Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Wenping Xie

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Rongjiang Yao

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Xiangping Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China)

Abstract

Coastal lands are often affected by salinization, which leads to a deterioration of soil structure and a decrease in land productivity. As a widely used soil amendment, biochar has been proven to improve poor soil properties and promote crop growth and N adsorption and utilization. However, the effects of biochar on soil fertility, N use efficiency (NUE) and balance in coastal salt-affected soil have rarely been reported. Therefore, we conducted a field micro-plot experiment to study the improvement effects of different biochar rates (0, 13.5, 20.25 and 27 t/ha, corresponding to CK, B1, B2 and B3 treatments, respectively) on coastal salt-affected soil. The results showed that biochar application increased soil water content (SWC) in seasons with abundant rainfall but decreased SWC in seasons with strong evaporation, and the increase or decrease in SWC was greater with the increase in biochar rates. Biochar application increased soil salinity and decreased soil pH, although high rates of biochar increased soil salinity to a lesser extent, while low rates of biochar decreased soil pH most. Biochar application was able to reduce soil bulk density, while B1and B2 treatments decreased it to a higher degree. Moreover, biochar application increased soil macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm) and organic matter, while B2 and B3 treatments increased it to a higher degree. Biochar application improved soil fertility to an extent that crop grain increased yield by 2.84~19.88% in barley season and 12.27~16.74% in maize season. Meanwhile, biochar application also increased NUE because it promoted the increase of yield. In particular, the calculation of N balance between soil and plant systems suggested that biochar application could reduce the apparent N loss during crop planting, and B1 treatment was better at reducing apparent N loss. Overall, our study indicates that biochar application has great potential to improve poor physicochemical properties and N nutrient utilization in coastal salt-affected soil. More importantly, we suggest that biochar application rates should be controlled in coastal salt-affected soil.

Suggested Citation

  • Chong Tang & Jingsong Yang & Wenping Xie & Rongjiang Yao & Xiangping Wang, 2023. "Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Fertility, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Balance in Coastal Salt-Affected Soil under Barley–Maize Rotation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:2893-:d:1058914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Akhtar, Saqib Saleem & Andersen, Mathias Neumann & Liu, Fulai, 2015. "Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 61-68.
    2. Yangyang Li & Lihua Huang & Huan Zhang & Mingming Wang & Zhengwei Liang, 2017. "Assessment of Ammonia Volatilization Losses and Nitrogen Utilization during the Rice Growing Season in Alkaline Salt-Affected Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, January.
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    2. Yaqi Wang & Ming Gao & Heting Chen & Yiwen Chen & Lei Wang & Rui Wang, 2023. "Fertigation and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Applications Enhance Water-Use Efficiency, Improving Soil Available Nutrients and Maize Yield in Salt-Affected Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Farhana Bibi & Azizur Rahman, 2023. "An Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Their Mitigation Strategies," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, July.

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