IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i22p15989-d1281085.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Balancing Nature and Visitors for Sustainable Development: Assessing the Tourism Carrying Capacities of Katon-Karagay National Park, Kazakhstan

Author

Listed:
  • Aliya Aktymbayeva

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Yeldar Nuruly

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Alexandr Artemyev

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Aida Kaliyeva

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Akmaral Sapiyeva

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Zhanna Assipova

    (Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

Abstract

Tourism carrying capacity remains pivotal for ensuring sustainable development within protected terrains, accentuating the balance between conservation, socio-economic benefits, and visitor satisfaction. This study delves into the intricate dimensions of this balance, focusing on the Katon-Karagay National Park (KKNP). Merging comprehensive empirical data accrued from fieldwork within the park, calculations surrounding recreational loads, and a synthesis of the relevant literature, the study designed a methodology. This included calculation techniques incorporating ecological and tourist social capacities, the psychocomfort approach, and an ongoing monitoring approach, supplemented by exclusive data from the park’s administration. Key findings underscored the significance of an adaptive balance, revealing specific permissible recreational loads for different park zones. For instance, zones of quiet recreation evidenced up to 5 people/ha, while active recreation zones fluctuated between 20 and 100 people/ha. Monitoring evidenced critical environmental changes, shaping recommendations for effective tourism flow regulation, ensuring alignment with established norms and ecological preservation. The exploration substantiates the indispensability of a meticulously structured approach to ascertain tourism carrying capacity, emphasizing the harmony achievable between environmental sanctity and human pursuits. KKNP’s empirical data serve as a paradigm, guiding sustainable tourism frameworks for similar ecologically sensitive regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Aliya Aktymbayeva & Yeldar Nuruly & Alexandr Artemyev & Aida Kaliyeva & Akmaral Sapiyeva & Zhanna Assipova, 2023. "Balancing Nature and Visitors for Sustainable Development: Assessing the Tourism Carrying Capacities of Katon-Karagay National Park, Kazakhstan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:22:p:15989-:d:1281085
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/22/15989/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/22/15989/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ko Koens & Albert Postma & Bernadett Papp, 2018. "Is Overtourism Overused? Understanding the Impact of Tourism in a City Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Asyma Koshim & Aigul Sergeyeva & Yerkin Kakimzhanov & Aliya Aktymbayeva & Mereke Sakypbek & Akmaral Sapiyeva, 2023. "Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in “Altynemel” National Park, Kazakhstan: Assessment through the Perception of Residents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Spangenberg, Joachim H. & Bonniot, Odile, 1998. "Sustainability indicators: A compass on the road towards sustainability," Wuppertal Papers 81, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tran Thi Thu Hien & Hone-Jay Chu, 2024. "Revealing Ecotourism Potential of Streams and Waterfalls: Identification of Influential Factors in a Case Study from Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-16, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Laura Mariana Cismas & Cornelia Dumitru & Lucia Negrut, 2020. "The Analysis of Domestic and International Tourism and Travelling for Romania," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 278-287, December.
    2. Bruno S. Frey & Andre Briviba, 2019. "Historical Replication Preserves Cultural Heritage," CREMA Working Paper Series 2019-09, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    3. Shiwei Shen & Marios Sotiriadis & Qing Zhou, 2020. "Could Smart Tourists Be Sustainable and Responsible as Well? The Contribution of Social Networking Sites to Improving Their Sustainable and Responsible Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    4. Hugo Padrón-Ávila & Raúl Hernández-Martín, 2019. "Preventing Overtourism by Identifying the Determinants of Tourists’ Choice of Attractions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Cathrine Linnes & Jerome Agrusa & Giulio Ronzoni & Joseph Lema, 2022. "What Tourists Want, a Sustainable Paradise," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-20, February.
    6. Andriantiatsaholiniaina, Luc A. & Kouikoglou, Vassilis S. & Phillis, Yannis A., 2004. "Evaluating strategies for sustainable development: fuzzy logic reasoning and sensitivity analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 149-172, February.
    7. Jelena Đurkin Badurina & Daniela Soldić Frleta, 2021. "Tourism Dependency and Perceived Local Tourism Governance: Perspective of Residents of Highly-Visited and Less-Visited Tourist Destinations," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, July.
    8. Olivier E. Malay, 2021. "How to Articulate Beyond GDP and Businesses’ Social and Environmental Indicators?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 1-25, May.
    9. Zamparini, L. & Domènech, A. & Miravet, D. & Gutiérrez, A., 2022. "Green mobility at home, green mobility at tourism destinations: A cross-country study of transport modal choices of educated young adults," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    10. Ewa Hącia & Natalia Wagner & Aleksandra Łapko, 2022. "The Importance of City Logistics for Urban Tourism Development: Searching for a New Research Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    11. Maximilian Benner, 2022. "Legitimizing path development by interlinking institutional logics: The case of Israel's desert tourism," PEGIS geo-disc-2022_01, Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience, Department of Socioeconomics, Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    12. Moisés Simancas Cruz & María Pilar Peñarrubia Zaragoza, 2019. "Analysis of the Accommodation Density in Coastal Tourism Areas of Insular Destinations from the Perspective of Overtourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, May.
    13. Li, Huiquan & Bao, Weijun & Xiu, Caihong & Zhang, Yi & Xu, Hongbin, 2010. "Energy conservation and circular economy in China's process industries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 4273-4281.
    14. Marina Mazzamuto & Marco Picone, 2022. "RETRACTED: The Commodification Dilemma: Tourism Pressure and Heritage Conservation in Barcelona," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, August.
    15. Khan Eijaz Ahmed & Quaddus Mohammed, 2015. "Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring Sustainability Factors of Informal Microenterprises – A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 5(4), pages 347-372, October.
    16. Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt & Artur Pliszko & Katarzyna Gmyrek-Gołąb, 2020. "The Effect of Visitors on the Properties of Vegetation of Calcareous Grasslands in the Context of Width and Distances from Tourist Trails," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-28, January.
    17. Raniah Alsahafi & Ahmed Alzahrani & Rashid Mehmood, 2023. "Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-64, February.
    18. Bauer Alfred & Gardini Marco A. & Skock André, 2020. "Overtourism im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Akzeptanz und Aversion," Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 88-114, July.
    19. Guang Yang & Yan Han & Hao Gong & Tiantian Zhang, 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Response Patterns of Tourist Flow under Real-Time Tourist Flow Diversion Scheme," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-28, April.
    20. Iulian Adrian Sorcaru, 2019. "Tourism Pressure in the Top Destinations in Romania," Risk in Contemporary Economy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, pages 31-37.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:22:p:15989-:d:1281085. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.