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Study on the Suitable Ecological Groundwater Depth and the Suitable Well–Canal Combined Irrigation Ratio in the Weigan River Irrigation District

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  • Wenjia Zhang

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Xiaoya Deng

    (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yi Xiao

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Ji Zhang

    (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Cai Ren

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Wen Lu

    (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Aihua Long

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

Abstract

It is important to clarify the suitable ratio of well–canal combined irrigation and the suitable range for ecological groundwater depth for the ecological stability of the arid zone. The MODFLOW model was used to reconstruct long-term groundwater depth by analyzing the response relationship between vegetation cover and groundwater depth in the Weigan River irrigation district. The suitable range for ecological groundwater depth was obtained, and based on this range, the suitable well–canal combined irrigation ratio in the research area was further simulated. The results show the following: (1) The average annual depth of groundwater in 82.9% of the study area increased from 2012 to 2021, and the average annual depth of groundwater increased by 1.03 m in 2021 compared to 2012. The average depth of the groundwater in the upstream area increased the most, with an increase of 1.96 m. (2) The vegetation cover in the study area from 2012 to 2021 increased in general, with an increase of 0.0461 over the 10-year period, but it fluctuated between years. (3) The depth of the groundwater in the study area suitable for the growth of vegetation in the irrigation area ranged from 3 to 5 m, and the value of NDVI within this range concentrated near 0.564–0.731, which represents a good state of vegetation growth. (4) The ratio of combined well and canal irrigation in the study area from 2012 to 2014 surged from 0.13 in 2012 to 0.48 in 2014, and the irrational harvesting and replenishment relationship led to a rapid increase in the depth of buried groundwater. A suitable well–canal combined irrigation ratio of 0.396 in the study area was obtained. This study is beneficial for maintaining the sustainable development and utilization of water resources and ecological stability in the Weigan River irrigation district.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenjia Zhang & Xiaoya Deng & Yi Xiao & Ji Zhang & Cai Ren & Wen Lu & Aihua Long, 2023. "Study on the Suitable Ecological Groundwater Depth and the Suitable Well–Canal Combined Irrigation Ratio in the Weigan River Irrigation District," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:15097-:d:1263989
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peiyue Li & Hui Qian & Jianhua Wu, 2018. "Conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water to reduce soil salinization in the Yinchuan Plain, North-West China," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 337-353, May.
    2. Dongbo Li & Xiaolong Li & Xinlin He & Guang Yang & Yongjun Du & Xiaoqian Li, 2022. "Groundwater Dynamic Characteristics with the Ecological Threshold in the Northwest China Oasis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Zhang, Gengxi & Su, Xiaoling & Singh, Vijay P., 2020. "Modelling groundwater-dependent vegetation index using Entropy theory," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 416(C).
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