IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i18p13779-d1240734.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Synergy of Patent and Open-Source-Driven Sustainable Climate Governance under Green AI: A Case Study of TinyML

Author

Listed:
  • Tao Li

    (School of Intellectual Property, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, No. 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210094, China
    Centre for Innovation and Development, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
    School of Business, Xianda College of Economics & Humanities Shanghai International Studies University, No. 390 Dong Tiyuhui Rd., Hongkou District, Shanghai 200083, China)

  • Jianqiang Luo

    (School of Management, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xue Fu Rd., Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Kaitong Liang

    (School of Intellectual Property, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, No. 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210094, China
    Centre for Innovation and Development, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

  • Chaonan Yi

    (School of Intellectual Property, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, No. 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210094, China
    Centre for Innovation and Development, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

  • Lei Ma

    (Centre for Innovation and Development, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
    School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

Abstract

Green AI (Artificial Intelligence) and digitalization facilitate the “Dual-Carbon” goal of low-carbon, high-quality economic development. Green AI is moving from “cloud” to “edge” devices like TinyML, which supports devices from cameras to wearables, offering low-power IoT computing. This study attempts to provide a conceptual update of climate and environmental policy in open synergy with proprietary and open-source TinyML technology, and to provide an industry collaborative and policy perspective on the issue, through using differential game models. The results show that patent and open source, as two types of TinyML innovation, can benefit a wide range of low-carbon industries and climate policy coordination. From the case of TinyML, we find that collaboration and sharing can lead to the implementation of green AI, reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions, and helping to fight climate change and protect the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Tao Li & Jianqiang Luo & Kaitong Liang & Chaonan Yi & Lei Ma, 2023. "Synergy of Patent and Open-Source-Driven Sustainable Climate Governance under Green AI: A Case Study of TinyML," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13779-:d:1240734
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13779/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13779/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicholas Economides & Evangelos Katsamakas, 2006. "Two-Sided Competition of Proprietary vs. Open Source Technology Platforms and the Implications for the Software Industry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(7), pages 1057-1071, July.
    2. Christopher L. Benson & Christopher L. Magee, 2015. "Technology structural implications from the extension of a patent search method," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 102(3), pages 1965-1985, March.
    3. Mohamed S. Abdalzaher & Hussein A. Elsayed & Mostafa M. Fouda & Mahmoud M. Salim, 2023. "Employing Machine Learning and IoT for Earthquake Early Warning System in Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Suresh Neethirajan, 2023. "SOLARIA-SensOr-driven resiLient and adaptive monitoRIng of farm Animals," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Rubinstein, Ariel, 1991. "Comments on the Interpretation of Game Theory," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(4), pages 909-924, July.
    6. Mukund Chari & H. Kevin Steensma & Charles Connaughton & Ralph Heidl, 2022. "The influence of patent assertion entities on inventor behavior," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(8), pages 1666-1690, August.
    7. Siyu Ren & Yu Hao & Haitao Wu, 2023. "Digitalization and environment governance: does internet development reduce environmental pollution?," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 66(7), pages 1533-1562, June.
    8. West, Joel, 2003. "How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1259-1285, July.
    9. Siobhan O'Mahony & Rebecca Karp, 2022. "From proprietary to collective governance: How do platform participation strategies evolve?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 530-562, March.
    10. Tan Yigitcanlar & Federico Cugurullo, 2020. "The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-24, October.
    11. Rui Sun & Dayi He & Jingjing Yan & Li Tao, 2021. "Mechanism Analysis of Applying Blockchain Technology to Forestry Carbon Sink Projects Based on the Differential Game Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Ali, Zeeshan & Rabiei, Faranak & Hosseini, Kamyar, 2023. "A fractal–fractional-order modified Predator–Prey mathematical model with immigrations," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 466-481.
    13. Tobias Kretschmer & Aija Leiponen & Melissa Schilling & Gurneeta Vasudeva, 2022. "Platform ecosystems as meta‐organizations: Implications for platform strategies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 405-424, March.
    14. Tan Yigitcanlar & Marcus Foth & Md. Kamruzzaman, 2019. "Towards Post-Anthropocentric Cities: Reconceptualizing Smart Cities to Evade Urban Ecocide," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 147-152, April.
    15. Marco Bellandi & Lisa De Propris, 2021. "Local Productive Systems’ Transitions to Industry 4.0+," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    16. Llanes, Gastón & de Elejalde, Ramiro, 2013. "Industry equilibrium with open-source and proprietary firms," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 36-49.
    17. Sarah Dennis & Alexander Paz & Tan Yigitcanlar, 2021. "Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the Deployment of Autonomous and Connected Vehicles: Insights from Las Vegas, Nevada," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3-4), pages 75-95, October.
    18. Ron Adner & Jianqing Chen & Feng Zhu, 2020. "Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(6), pages 2432-2451, June.
    19. Song, Ma-Lin & Cao, Shao-Peng & Wang, Shu-Hong, 2019. "The impact of knowledge trade on sustainable development and environment-biased technical progress," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 512-523.
    20. Lee, Ryeowon & Lee, Jong-Ho & Garrett, Tony C., 2019. "Synergy effects of innovation on firm performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 507-515.
    21. Chaim Fershtman & Neil Gandal, 2011. "Direct and indirect knowledge spillovers: the “social network” of open‐source projects," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 42(1), pages 70-91, March.
    22. Fu, Xiaolan, 2012. "How does openness affect the importance of incentives for innovation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 512-523.
    23. Ruokolainen, Jari & Nätti, Satu & Juutinen, Milla & Puustinen, Juha & Holm, Anu & Vehkaoja, Antti & Nieminen, Hannu, 2023. "Digital healthcare platform ecosystem design: A case study of an ecosystem for Parkinson's disease patients," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    24. Gambardella, Alfonso, 2023. "Private and social functions of patents: Innovation, markets, and new firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(7).
    25. Lei Jin & Keran Duan & Xu Tang, 2018. "What Is the Relationship between Technological Innovation and Energy Consumption? Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tan Yigitcanlar & Rashid Mehmood & Juan M. Corchado, 2021. "Green Artificial Intelligence: Towards an Efficient, Sustainable and Equitable Technology for Smart Cities and Futures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Eric Darmon & Dominique Torre, 2010. "Open source, dual licensing and software compétition," Post-Print halshs-00497623, HAL.
    3. Tang, Hua & Chen, Jing & Ai, Xingzheng & Li, Xiaojing & He, Haojia, 2023. "First-party content decision under competitive hardware/software platforms: Free vs. charge," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(3), pages 1068-1083.
    4. Gastón Llanes, 2019. "Competitive strategy for open and user innovation," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 280-297, April.
    5. Tao Li & Junlin Zhu & Jianqiang Luo & Chaonan Yi & Baoqing Zhu, 2023. "Breaking Triopoly to Achieve Sustainable Smart Digital Infrastructure Based on Open-Source Diffusion Using Government–Platform–User Evolutionary Game," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, October.
    6. Wu, Xiangxiang & Zha, Yong & Ling, Liuyi & Yu, Yugang, 2022. "Competing OEMs’ responses to a developer's services installation and strategic update of platform quality," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 297(2), pages 545-559.
    7. Engelhardt, Sebastian v. & Freytag, Andreas, 2013. "Institutions, culture, and open source," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 90-110.
    8. Baldwin, Carliss Y. & Bogers, Marcel L.A.M. & Kapoor, Rahul & West, Joel, 2024. "Focusing the ecosystem lens on innovation studies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(3).
    9. Gauguier, Jean-Jacques, 2009. "L’industrialisation de l’Open Source," Economics Thesis from University Paris Dauphine, Paris Dauphine University, number 123456789/4388 edited by Toledano, Joëlle.
    10. Palmyra Repette & Jamile Sabatini-Marques & Tan Yigitcanlar & Denilson Sell & Eduardo Costa, 2021. "The Evolution of City-as-a-Platform: Smart Urban Development Governance with Collective Knowledge-Based Platform Urbanism," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-25, January.
    11. Rahul Basole & Jürgen Karla, 2011. "On the Evolution of Mobile Platform Ecosystem Structure and Strategy," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 3(5), pages 313-322, October.
    12. Markus Reisinger & Jens Schmidt & Nils Stieglitz, 2021. "How Complementors Benefit from Taking Competition to the System Level," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(8), pages 5106-5123, August.
    13. Burcu Tan & Edward G. Anderson, Jr. & Geoffrey G. Parker, 2020. "Platform Pricing and Investment to Drive Third-Party Value Creation in Two-Sided Networks," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(1), pages 217-239, March.
    14. Claudio Vitari, 2010. "The inspiring success of Free/Libre/Open Source Software," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) halshs-01924283, HAL.
    15. Sheen S. Levine & Michael J. Prietula, 2014. "Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(5), pages 1414-1433, October.
    16. Xing Wan & Javier Cenamor & Geoffrey Parker & Marshall Van Alstyne, 2017. "Unraveling Platform Strategies: A Review from an Organizational Ambidexterity Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-18, May.
    17. Lei Huang & Yandong Zhao & Liang Mei & Peiyi Wu & Zhihua Zhao & Yijun Mao, 2019. "Structural Holes in the Multi-Sided Market: A Market Allocation Structure Analysis of China’s Car-Hailing Platform in the Context of Open Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-20, October.
    18. Ramon Casadesus-Masanell & Gastón Llanes, 2011. "Mixed Source," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(7), pages 1212-1230, July.
    19. Hasnas, Irina & Lambertini, Luca & Palestini, Arsen, 2014. "Open Innovation in a dynamic Cournot duopoly," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 79-87.
    20. Reisinger, Markus & Ressner, Ludwig & Schmidtke, Richard & Thomes, Tim Paul, 2014. "Crowding-in of complementary contributions to public goods: Firm investment into open source software," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 78-94.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13779-:d:1240734. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.