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Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules

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  • Muhammad Afridi

    (Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA)

  • Akash Kumar

    (Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA)

  • Farrukh ibne Mahmood

    (Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA)

  • GovindaSamy TamizhMani

    (Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA)

Abstract

Hotspots pose a significant long-term reliability challenge in photovoltaic (PV) modules that can have a detrimental impact on the efficiency, safety, and financial viability of a PV system. This paper aims to evaluate the endurance of hotspot stress in pristine and prestressed glass–glass (GG) modules. The accelerated prestressing was conducted for 600 thermal cycles (TC600) to represent decades of field exposure. GG modules are quickly becoming an alternative to the traditional glass–backsheet (GB) modules that have been the industry standard. Unlike other conventional studies that subject only pristine modules to hotspot stress, this paper evaluates the performance of an accelerated/simulated field-aged GG module (using TC600) and a pristine GG module. Pre- and post-characterizations were performed before and after each test to determine changes in electrical performance and observe any defects in GG modules. During the hotspot test, an approximately 200 °C maximum cell temperature was observed with a cell shading of 25% (the worst-case shading ratio). After the hotspot test, electroluminescence imaging indicated that most cells in the prestressed GG module exhibited severe damage whereas no significant defects were evident in the pristine GG module where the prestressed GG module degraded 8.2% and the pristine GG module degraded 1.5% in maximum power. These findings are critical for the industry, considering that GG bifacial modules will dominate the market.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Afridi & Akash Kumar & Farrukh ibne Mahmood & GovindaSamy TamizhMani, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-16, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12131-:d:1212962
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos Olalla & Md. Nazmul Hasan & Chris Deline & Dragan Maksimović, 2018. "Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Hanifi, Hamed & Pander, Matthias & Zeller, Ulli & Ilse, Klemens & Dassler, David & Mirza, Mark & Bahattab, Mohammed A. & Jaeckel, Bengt & Hagendorf, Christian & Ebert, Matthias & Gottschalg, Ralph & S, 2020. "Loss analysis and optimization of PV module components and design to achieve higher energy yield and longer service life in desert regions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
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    1. Akbar, Asfandyar & Mahmood, Farrukh ibne & Alam, Habeel & Aziz, Farhan & Bashir, Khurram & Zafar Butt, Nauman, 2024. "Field Assessment of Vertical Bifacial Agrivoltaics with Vegetable Production: A Case Study in Lahore, Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).

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