IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i15p11858-d1208610.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tea and Eggshell Wastes, Their Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation

Author

Listed:
  • Jamila S. Al Malki

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nahed Ahmed Hussien

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Lamia M. Akkad

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shatha O. Al Thurmani

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Anhal E. Al Motiri

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Using biodegradable wastes represents a viable alternative to creating a sustainable economy that benefits all humans. The present study aimed to use daily used waste products, tea (TE) and eggshell (ES) wastes, to synthesize silver (AgNPs) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 NPs) nanoparticles, respectively. Firstly, the green-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS), Scanning (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, followed by their cytotoxic assessment against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, AgNPs_TE (300 and 470 nm) and TiO 2 NPs_ESE (320 nm) formation was confirmed using UV-vis spectra. SEM and XRD showed their crystalline shape. TEM images determined the nano-size of AgNPs_TE (25 nm) and TiO 2 NPs_ESE (120 nm), which appeared smaller in comparison with DLS analysis (299.8 and 742.9 nm), with zeta potentials of −20.5 mV and −12.6 mV, respectively. There was a great difference in both NPs’ sizes using TEM and DLS measurements because DLS is known to be more sensitive to larger particles due to their light scattering. FTIR detected the functional groups found in TE and ESE that were responsible for the synthesis, capping, and stabilization of the synthesized AgNPs and TiO 2 NPs. The SRB assay reveals the safety of TiO 2 NPs on normal HSF cells with an IC50 > 100, while AgNPs have a high cytotoxic effect with an IC50 = 54.99 μg/mL.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamila S. Al Malki & Nahed Ahmed Hussien & Lamia M. Akkad & Shatha O. Al Thurmani & Anhal E. Al Motiri, 2023. "Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tea and Eggshell Wastes, Their Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11858-:d:1208610
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11858/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11858/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Harriet Whiley & Kirstin Ross, 2015. "Salmonella and Eggs: From Production to Plate," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-14, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kannan Badri Narayanan & Rakesh Bhaskar, 2024. "Green Nanotechnology: Paving the Way for Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-4, July.
    2. María del Pilar Rodríguez-Rojas & Victoria Bustos-Terrones & María Yesenia Díaz-Cárdenas & Edna Vázquez-Vélez & Horacio Martínez, 2024. "Life Cycle Assessment of Green Synthesis of TiO 2 Nanoparticles vs. Chemical Synthesis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-15, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne & Kirstin Ross & Howard Fallowfield & Harriet Whiley, 2017. "Reducing Risk of Salmonellosis through Egg Decontamination Processes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Agnieszka Chlebicz & Katarzyna Śliżewska, 2018. "Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis, Yersiniosis, and Listeriosis as Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-28, April.
    3. Harriet Whiley & Beverley Clarke & Kirstin Ross, 2017. "Knowledge and Attitudes towards Handling Eggs in the Home: An Unexplored Food Safety Issue?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11858-:d:1208610. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.