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E-Nose-Driven Advancements in Ammonia Gas Detection: A Comprehensive Review from Traditional to Cutting-Edge Systems in Indoor to Outdoor Agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • Ata Jahangir Moshayedi

    (School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Amir Sohail Khan

    (School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Jiandong Hu

    (Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

  • Abdullah Nawaz

    (Department of Advance Study in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

  • Jianxiong Zhu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)

Abstract

Ammonia (NH 3 ) represents a perilous gas that poses a substantial hazard to both human well-being and the environment, particularly within agricultural regions. Agricultural activities constitute a primary source of ammonia emissions. Thus, effective monitoring and measurement of ammonia sources in agriculture are imperative for mitigating its adverse impact. However, not all existing ammonia detection methods are suitable for discerning the low concentrations typically encountered in agricultural ammonia volatilizing (ranging from 0.01 to 5 parts per million). Consequently, curtailing ammonia volatilization from farmland assumes paramount importance, with real-time monitoring serving as a crucial mechanism for assessing environmental contamination and minimizing agricultural ammonia losses. Deploying appropriate detection methodologies ensures that requisite measures are taken to safeguard human health and the environment from the deleterious repercussions of ammonia exposure. The present paper introduces a comprehensive approach to detecting and analyzing ammonia in agricultural settings. It elucidates the merits and demerits of conventional indoor and outdoor ammonia detection methods, juxtaposing them with the innovative technology of Electronic nose (E-nose). Within the paper, seven widely employed ammonia detection methods in farmland are scrutinized and compared against traditional techniques. Additionally, the constructional aspects and distinct components of E-nose are meticulously delineated and appraised. Ultimately, the paper culminates in a comprehensive comparative analysis encompassing all the aforementioned methodologies, elucidating the potential and limitations of E-nose in facilitating ammonia detection endeavors within agricultural contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Ata Jahangir Moshayedi & Amir Sohail Khan & Jiandong Hu & Abdullah Nawaz & Jianxiong Zhu, 2023. "E-Nose-Driven Advancements in Ammonia Gas Detection: A Comprehensive Review from Traditional to Cutting-Edge Systems in Indoor to Outdoor Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-33, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11601-:d:1203916
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shad Mahfuz & Hong-Seok Mun & Muhammad Ammar Dilawar & Chul-Ju Yang, 2022. "Applications of Smart Technology as a Sustainable Strategy in Modern Swine Farming," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, February.
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