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Biodiesel Production Using a Banana Peel Extract-Mediated Highly Basic Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst

Author

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  • Ananya Satapathy

    (Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India)

  • Kankana Saikia

    (Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India)

  • Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum

    (Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India)

Abstract

Greener methods for the production of nanoparticles (NPs) are highly investigated to minimize the harmfulness of chemical synthetic processes. In this study, CaO (calcium oxide) NPs were synthesized using extracts of banana ( Musa acuminata ) leaves. The precipitate of Ca(OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) obtained from the precursor Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (calcium nitrate) was calcined at 900 °C in a muffle furnace to form CaO. The catalytic activity of the prepared CaO was studied in transesterification of soybean oil. From the 1 H-NMR analysis, a high soybean oil conversion of 98.0% was obtained under the optimum reaction conditions of 8 wt% of catalyst loading, 2 h reaction time, and a 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 °C temperature. 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic studies of the product proved the formation of biodiesel. The CaO nanocatalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, and BET analyses. The average diameter of the catalyst was determined as 46.2 nm from TEM analyses. The catalyst can be used successfully even after five active reaction cycles without substantial loss in the activity of the catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Ananya Satapathy & Kankana Saikia & Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum, 2023. "Biodiesel Production Using a Banana Peel Extract-Mediated Highly Basic Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11332-:d:1198804
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Zhang, Pingbo & Liu, Yanlei & Fan, Mingming & Jiang, Pingping, 2016. "Catalytic performance of a novel amphiphilic alkaline ionic liquid for biodiesel production: Influence of basicity and conductivity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 99-105.
    4. Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan & Goodwin, James G. & Prasertdham, Piyasan, 2016. "A green sulfonated carbon-based catalyst derived from coffee residue for esterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 262-269.
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    Cited by:

    1. Melo, Vinícius Mateó e & Ferreira, Gabriela Filipini & Fregolente, Leonardo Vasconcelos, 2024. "Sustainable catalysts for biodiesel production: The potential of CaO supported on sugarcane bagasse biochar," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    2. Saikia, Kankana & Das, Arpita & Sema, Atoholi H. & Basumatary, Sanjay & Shaemningwar Moyon, N. & Mathimani, Thangavel & Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala, 2024. "Response surface optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and life cycle cost analysis of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil using biomass-based functional activated carbon catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).

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