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Solar-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Red and Turquoise Dyes Using a Titanium Oxide/Xanthan Gum Composite

Author

Listed:
  • Abeer I. Alwared

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Noor A. Mohammed

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Tariq J. Al-Musawi

    (Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah 51001, Iraq)

  • Ahmed A. Mohammed

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

Abstract

The present study explores the solar-induced photocatalytic degradation of reactive red (RR) and reactive turquoise (RT) dyes in a single system using TiO 2 immobilized in xanthan gum (TiO 2 /XG), synthesized using the sol–gel dip-coating technique for direct precipitation. SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis were used to assess the characteristics of the resulting catalyst. Moreover, the effects of different operating parameters, specifically pH, dye concentration, TiO 2 /XG concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and contact time, were also investigated in a batch photocatalytic reactor. The immobilized TiO 2 /XG catalyst showed a slight adsorption degradation efficiency and then improved the RR and RT dye degradation activity (92.5 and 90.8% in 120 min) under solar light with a remarkable Langmuir–Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order degradation rate of 0.0183 and 0.0151 min −1 , respectively, under optimum conditions of pH 5, dye concentration of 25 mg/L, TiO 2 /XG concentration of 25 mg/L, H 2 O 2 concentration of 400 mg/L, and reaction time of 120 min. The improved photocatalytic ability was ascribed to the impact of TiO 2 /XG nanoparticles with a high surface area, and lower band gap energy. Solar light energy has significant potential for addressing energy deficit and water pollution concerns.

Suggested Citation

  • Abeer I. Alwared & Noor A. Mohammed & Tariq J. Al-Musawi & Ahmed A. Mohammed, 2023. "Solar-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Red and Turquoise Dyes Using a Titanium Oxide/Xanthan Gum Composite," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:10815-:d:1190701
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ziyang Kang & Xigai Jia & Yuchen Zhang & Xiaoxuan Kang & Ming Ge & Dong Liu & Chongqing Wang & Zhangxing He, 2022. "A Review on Application of Biochar in the Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants through Adsorption and Persulfate-Based AOPs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-25, August.
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