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Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope

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  • Shan Liu

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311231, China)

  • Zhenyu Liu

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Abstract

It is known that the wave breaking process is significantly affected by a current, but little attention has been paid to the effect of wave–current interaction on the breaking wave forces acting on a monopile. This study presented a total of 88 flume tests, among which solitary and regular breaking waves were generated with a following current. The waves propagated over an impermeable slope and induced impulsive loads on a vertical monopile. The moments on the monopile were measured utilizing a high-precision load cell, and the effect of current velocities on the peak moment was analyzed. Test results indicate that there was an obvious nonlinear effect between breaking waves and a following current. For solitary waves, a following current accelerated the breaking process, leading to an increase by 274.21% at maximum in breaking wave forces. However, for regular waves, both the wave heights and the reversing flow were restricted with the increasing velocity of a following current, delaying the wave breaking process; under the regular test conditions, the moment on the pile decreased by 65.25% at maximum.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan Liu & Zhenyu Liu, 2022. "Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2022:i:1:p:129-:d:1010911
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sudip Basack & Ghritartha Goswami & Zi-Hang Dai & Parinita Baruah, 2022. "Failure-Mechanism and Design Techniques of Offshore Wind Turbine Pile Foundation: Review and Research Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, October.
    2. Libo Chen & Xiaoyan Yang & Lichen Li & Wenbing Wu & M. Hesham El Naggar & Kuihua Wang & Jinyong Chen, 2020. "Numerical Analysis of the Deformation Performance of Monopile under Wave and Current Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Zeng, Xinmeng & Shi, Wei & Michailides, Constantine & Zhang, Songhao & Li, Xin, 2021. "Numerical and experimental investigation of breaking wave forces on a monopile-type offshore wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 501-519.
    4. Junhan Li & Bin Zhang & Chao Shen & Xiaoli Fu & Weichao Li, 2021. "Experimental Study on Local Scour Depth around Monopile Foundation in Combined Waves and Current," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Zhibin Tu & Jianfeng Yao & Mingfeng Huang & Wenjuan Lou, 2022. "Investigation of Coupling Effects of Wave, Current, and Wind on a Pile Foundation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.
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