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Variation in Maize Grain Yield Indices When Exposed to Combined Heat and Water Stress Conditions under Different Soil Amendments

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  • Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi

    (Food Security and Safety Niche Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P/Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
    Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria)

  • Sydney Mavengahama

    (Food Security and Safety Niche Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P/Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa)

  • Funso Raphael Kutu

    (School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela 1200, South Africa)

Abstract

Increased yield can be achieved by optimising the growth environment, improving the plant gene pool, or a combination of the two. This study’s objective was to evaluate the effect of combined heat and water stress (CHWS) on maize yield, grown in various soil conditions. The experimental design was a four-replicated 3 × 3 × 2 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. Three water stress levels, three soil amendments, two soil textural types, and three drought-tolerant maize varieties were combined to create 54 treatment interactions. The result showed that as the severity of the water stress increased, the yield decreased. The near terminal water stress reduced cob weight, grain weight, and grain number by 96, 97, and 97%, respectively. The maize varieties were ranked WE5323 ≥ ZM1523 > WE3128 in terms of average performance and stability. Under heat and moderate water stress, the poultry manure amendment performed well for WE5323 and ZM1523, while the mineral fertilizer amendment performed best for WE3128. Compared to the inorganic amendment, the organic had a greater ameliorative capacity for grain yield under CHWS. For improved grain yield under CHWS, farmers are advised to grow WE5323 and ZM1523 with organic amendments. The findings in this study could improve food security strategies for low-income households living in high-stress environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi & Sydney Mavengahama & Funso Raphael Kutu, 2022. "Variation in Maize Grain Yield Indices When Exposed to Combined Heat and Water Stress Conditions under Different Soil Amendments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5150-:d:801384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Romy Santpoort, 2020. "The Drivers of Maize Area Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. How Policies to Boost Maize Production Overlook the Interests of Smallholder Farmers," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-13, February.
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