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Environmental Impacts of Coal Nanoparticles from Rehabilitated Mine Areas in Colombia

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Listed:
  • Marcos L. S. Oliveira

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
    Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil)

  • Segun A. Akinyemi

    (Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria)

  • Bemgba B. Nyakuma

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi 102119, Nigeria)

  • Guilherme L. Dotto

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

Abstract

With the possible increase in mining activities and recently projected population growth in Colombia, large quantities of nanoparticles (NPs) and potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) will be of major concern to mine workers, indigenous residents, and surrounding communities. This study highlights the need to regulate the pollution from Colombian mining activities that comply with regional regulations and global strategies. Colombian coal rejects (CRs) from the Cesar Basin, Colombia, were studied primarily by advanced electron microscopic and analytical procedures. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the role of NPs in the alteration of CRs’ structure in a renewed zone at Cerrejón coal area (La Guajira, Colombia) through advanced electron microscopic (AEMs) methods. The objective of the analysis is to evaluate the incidence mode of nanoparticles, which contain potentially hazardous elements. The bulk crystallography (X-ray diffraction), chemical structure, and morphologies of NPs were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), micro-beam diffraction (MBD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) procedures. The AEMs provided comprehensive insights into the geochemical evolution of CRs. Consequently, the AEMs can be used as essential tools for CR management in coal mining areas. The regular dimension of detected NPs was found to be above 2 nm. Ultrafine particles of quartz were identified by the advanced electron microscopy. Furthermore, the findings also revealed aluminium, calcium, potassium, titanium, iron oxides, and PHEs in the CRs. The extensive water practice in the coal extraction process combined with atmospheric oxygen supports oxidations of iron sulphide, thus releasing PHEs to the surrounding environment. Dehydration of sulphate salts fluctuate at consistent humidity in the coal mine environments. The study demonstrates the great influence of coal mining activities on the environment and human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcos L. S. Oliveira & Segun A. Akinyemi & Bemgba B. Nyakuma & Guilherme L. Dotto, 2022. "Environmental Impacts of Coal Nanoparticles from Rehabilitated Mine Areas in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4544-:d:791356
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pao-Yu Oei & Roman Mendelevitch, 2019. "Prospects for steam coal exporters in the era of climate policies: a case study of Colombia," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 73-91, January.
    2. Cardoso, Andrea, 2015. "Behind the life cycle of coal: Socio-environmental liabilities of coal mining in Cesar, Colombia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 71-82.
    3. Cardoso, Andrea, 2018. "Valuation Languages Along the Coal Chain From Colombia to the Netherlands and to Turkey," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 44-59.
    4. Anthony Bebbington & Leonith Hinojosa & Denise Humphreys Bebbington & Maria Luisa Burneo & Ximena Warnaars, 2008. "Contention and Ambiguity: Mining and the Possibilities of Development," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 5708, GDI, The University of Manchester.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis F. O. Silva & Hongya Niu, 2022. "Editorial: Nano- and Micro-Contaminants and Their Effect on the Humans and Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-5, May.

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