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Land-Use Impact on Water Quality of the Opak Sub-Watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Author

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  • Widodo Brontowiyono

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
    Center for Environmental Studies, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia)

  • Adelia Anju Asmara

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
    Center for Environmental Studies, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia)

  • Raudatun Jana

    (Water Quality Laboratory, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia)

  • Andik Yulianto

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
    Risk Assessment Analysis Laboratory, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia)

  • Suphia Rahmawati

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
    Risk Assessment Analysis Laboratory, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia)

Abstract

The integrated monitoring system of water quality is eminently reliant on water quality trend data. This study aims to obtain water quality patterns related to land-use change over a periodic observation in the Opak sub-watershed, Indonesia, both from a seasonal and spatial point of view. Landsat image data from 2013 to 2020 and water quality data comprising 25 parameters were compiled and analyzed. This study observed that land use remarkably correlated to water quality, especially the building area representing the dense population and various anthropogenic activities, to pollute the water sources. Three types of pollutant sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), including domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, which all influenced the variance in river water quality. The use of spatiotemporal-based and multivariate analysis was to interpret water quality trend data, which can help the stakeholders to monitor pollution and take control in the Opak sub-watershed. The results investigated 17 out of 25 water quality parameters, which showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream during the observation time. The concentration of biological oxygen demand over five days (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, sulfide, phenol, phosphate, oil and grease, lead, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), and total coli, surpassed the water quality standard through spatial analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Widodo Brontowiyono & Adelia Anju Asmara & Raudatun Jana & Andik Yulianto & Suphia Rahmawati, 2022. "Land-Use Impact on Water Quality of the Opak Sub-Watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:4346-:d:787904
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Casalí, J. & Giménez, R. & Díez, J. & Álvarez-Mozos, J. & Del Valle de Lersundi, J. & Goñi, M. & Campo, M.A. & Chahor, Y. & Gastesi, R. & López, J., 2010. "Sediment production and water quality of watersheds with contrasting land use in Navarre (Spain)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 1683-1694, October.
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