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Urbanization, Economic Development, and Ecological Environment: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China

Author

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  • Xiaofu Chen

    (College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Chang Liu

    (College of Economics and Management, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Xiaohua Yu

    (Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany)

Abstract

The relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment is not conclusive in the literature. We used the provincial data from China from 1998 to 2019 to empirically study the relationship between the urbanization ratio and ecological environment which is proxied by the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) from the remote sensing data. The results indicate that the coefficient of the interaction between urbanization and per capita GDP is statistically significant and negative (−0.0946), while the coefficient of urbanization itself is very trivial and not statistically significant. It implies that urbanization could reduce ecological quality, particularly for the high-income regions. The higher the urbanization ratio is, the larger the negative impact is. It implies that urban expansion does reduce the ecological environment. The effect of economic development level on the NDVI can be divided into three stages: the one where the NDVI improves with the increase of GDP per capita (urbanization rate of less than 77.59%), the one where the value of the NDVI is not affected by the level of GDP per capita (urbanization rate equal to 77.59%), and the one where the NDVI decreases with the increase of GDP per capita (urbanization rate of more than 77.59%).

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaofu Chen & Chang Liu & Xiaohua Yu, 2022. "Urbanization, Economic Development, and Ecological Environment: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1124-:d:728287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yu, Xiaohua & Abler, David, 2010. "Incorporating zero and missing responses into CVM with open-ended bidding: willingness to pay for blue skies in Beijing," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(5), pages 535-556, October.
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    2. Dongmei Shi & Lili Ren & Hongyu Li & Haizhen Zhang & Rufei Zhang, 2023. "Analysis of the Spatial Differentiation and Promotion Potential for Agricultural Eco-Efficiency—Evidence of Pollution’s Strong Disposability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Xiaofu Chen & Guoxin Yu, 2024. "The Impact of Urban–Rural Integration on Food Security: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-28, May.
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    5. Wen Zhang & Rong Zhang & Yuntao Zou, 2024. "Urbanization and Cultural Industry Correlation: An Empirical Analysis from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-27, August.
    6. Qingwen Li & Guangxi Yan & Chengming Yu, 2022. "A Novel Multi-Factor Three-Step Feature Selection and Deep Learning Framework for Regional GDP Prediction: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
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