IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i24p16418-d997252.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Adapting Cities to Pluvial Flooding: The Case of Izmir (Türkiye)

Author

Listed:
  • Stefano Salata

    (Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Lab PPTE, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Koray Velibeyoğlu

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Alper Baba

    (Department of International Water Resources, Civil Engineering Faculty, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Nicel Saygın

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Virginia Thompson Couch

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Taygun Uzelli

    (Geothermal Energy Research and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

Abstract

In the coming decades, climate change will be one of the most significant challenges for urban areas. The quantity, duration and intensity of events, such as flash rains and heat waves, will increase the vulnerability of urban regions while exposing citizens to potentially dangerous conditions. According to the current literature, mainstreaming resilience in urban planning means designing rules that strengthen urban systems’ adaptive and self-regulating functions by reducing their vulnerability. In this work, we aimed to build knowledge for the application of the sponge district concept to Izmir (Türkiye), one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to pluvial flooding. To do this, we first analyzed the runoff in each urban sub-watershed, then employed a composite index to determine potential areas of intervention for nature-based solutions. Results show that 10% of Izmir’s urban areas are extremely vulnerable to cloudbursts, which means that 40% of the urban population is exposed to this phenomenon. Moreover, the runoff calculation in the sub-watershed demonstrated that the potential flood volume is underestimated, especially in the upslope areas. The results can be used as a template to suggest a stepwise approach to mainstream the resilience of densely-inhabited coastal urban catchments.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Salata & Koray Velibeyoğlu & Alper Baba & Nicel Saygın & Virginia Thompson Couch & Taygun Uzelli, 2022. "Adapting Cities to Pluvial Flooding: The Case of Izmir (Türkiye)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16418-:d:997252
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16418/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16418/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefano Salata & Silvia Ronchi & Carolina Giaimo & Andrea Arcidiacono & Giulio Gabriele Pantaloni, 2021. "Performance-Based Planning to Reduce Flooding Vulnerability Insights from the Case of Turin (North-West Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Stefano Salata & Bertan Arslan, 2022. "Designing with Ecosystem Modelling: The Sponge District Application in İzmir, Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Luca Congedo & Lorenzo Sallustio & Michele Munafò & Marco Ottaviano & Daniela Tonti & Marco Marchetti, 2016. "Copernicus high-resolution layers for land cover classification in Italy," Journal of Maps, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 1195-1205, October.
    4. Langemeyer, Johannes & Gómez-Baggethun, Erik & Haase, Dagmar & Scheuer, Sebastian & Elmqvist, Thomas, 2016. "Bridging the gap between ecosystem service assessments and land-use planning through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)," Environmental Science & Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 45-56.
    5. Zahn Münch & Lesley Gibson & Anthony Palmer, 2019. "Monitoring Effects of Land Cover Change on Biophysical Drivers in Rangelands Using Albedo," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-25, February.
    6. Els Terryn & Luuk Boelens & Ann Pisman, 2016. "Beyond the divide: evaluation in co-evolutionary spatial planning," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 1079-1097, June.
    7. Pappalardo, Viviana & La Rosa, Daniele & Campisano, Alberto & La Greca, Paolo, 2017. "The potential of green infrastructure application in urban runoff control for land use planning: A preliminary evaluation from a southern Italy case study," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 26(PB), pages 345-354.
    8. Danial Mohabat Doost & Alessandra Buffa & Grazia Brunetta & Stefano Salata & Guglielmina Mutani, 2020. "Mainstreaming Energetic Resilience by Morphological Assessment in Ordinary Land Use Planning. The Case Study of Moncalieri, Turin (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Stefano Salata, 2023. "Filling the Gaps in Biophysical Knowledge of Urban Ecosystems: Flooding Mitigation and Stormwater Retention," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stefano Salata & Bertan Arslan, 2022. "Designing with Ecosystem Modelling: The Sponge District Application in İzmir, Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Stefano Salata & Silvia Ronchi & Carolina Giaimo & Andrea Arcidiacono & Giulio Gabriele Pantaloni, 2021. "Performance-Based Planning to Reduce Flooding Vulnerability Insights from the Case of Turin (North-West Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Grazia Brunetta & Ombretta Caldarice & Martino Faravelli, 2022. "Mainstreaming climate resilience: A GIS-based methodology to cope with cloudbursts in Turin, Italy," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(5), pages 1431-1447, June.
    4. Stefano Salata, 2021. "The Utilization of Supervised Classification Sampling for Environmental Monitoring in Turin (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Rei Itsukushima & Yohei Ogahara & Yuki Iwanaga & Tatsuro Sato, 2018. "Investigating the Influence of Various Stormwater Runoff Control Facilities on Runoff Control Efficiency in a Small Catchment Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, February.
    6. Min Liu & Jianpeng Fan & Yuanzheng Li & Qizheng Mao, 2023. "Ecosystem Service Optimisation in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Based on Land Use Structure Adjustment," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-27, July.
    7. Tommaso Orusa & Annalisa Viani & Enrico Borgogno-Mondino, 2024. "Earth Observation Data and Geospatial Deep Learning AI to Assign Contributions to European Municipalities Sen4MUN: An Empirical Application in Aosta Valley (NW Italy)," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, January.
    8. Francesca Peroni & Guglielmo Pristeri & Daniele Codato & Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo & Massimo De Marchi, 2019. "Biotope Area Factor: An Ecological Urban Index to Geovisualize Soil Sealing in Padua, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Berglihn, Elisabeth Cornelia & Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, 2021. "Ecosystem services from urban forests: The case of Oslomarka, Norway," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    10. Guglielmina Mutani & Valeria Todeschi & Simone Beltramino, 2020. "Energy Consumption Models at Urban Scale to Measure Energy Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-31, July.
    11. Brzoska, P. & Grunewald, K. & Bastian, O., 2021. "A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    12. Guglielmo Pristeri & Viviana di Martino & Silvia Ronchi & Stefano Salata & Francesca Mazza & Andrea Benedini & Andrea Arcidiacono, 2023. "An Operational Model to Downscale Regional Green Infrastructures in Supra-Local Plans: A Case Study in an Italian Alpine Sub-Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-25, July.
    13. Dragan Vujičić & Nevena Vasiljević & Boris Radić & Andreja Tutundžić & Nevenka Galečić & Dejan Skočajić & Mirjana Ocokoljić, 2024. "Conceptualisation of the Regulatory Framework of Green Infrastructure for Urban Development: Identifying Barriers and Drivers," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, May.
    14. Davide Marino & Giampiero Mazzocchi & Davide Pellegrino & Veridiana Barucci, 2022. "Integrated Multi-Level Assessment of Ecosystem Services (ES): The Case of the Casal del Marmo Agricultural Park Area in Rome (Italy)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    15. Elisa Lähde & Ambika Khadka & Outi Tahvonen & Teemu Kokkonen, 2019. "Can We Really Have It All?—Designing Multifunctionality with Sustainable Urban Drainage System Elements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, March.
    16. Hoang Long Nguyen & Rajendra Akerkar, 2020. "Modelling, Measuring, and Visualising Community Resilience: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, September.
    17. Guang Han & Zehao Wei & Huawei Zheng & Liqun Zhu, 2024. "Evaluation Index System of Rural Ecological Revitalization in China: A National Empirical Study Based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Framework," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-26, August.
    18. Klimanova, O.A. & Bukvareva, E.N. & Yu, Kolbowsky E. & Illarionova, O.A., 2023. "Assessing ecosystem services in Russia: Case studies from four municipal districts," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    19. Md. Mostafizur Rahman & György Szabó, 2021. "Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Urban Ecosystem Service Value in Dhaka, Bangladesh," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-27, July.
    20. Hegazy Rezk & Rania M. Ghoniem & Seydali Ferahtia & Ahmed Fathy & Mohamed M. Ghoniem & Reem Alkanhel, 2022. "A Comparison of Different Renewable-Based DC Microgrid Energy Management Strategies for Commercial Buildings Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16418-:d:997252. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.