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Adapting Cities to Pluvial Flooding: The Case of Izmir (Türkiye)

Author

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  • Stefano Salata

    (Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Lab PPTE, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Koray Velibeyoğlu

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Alper Baba

    (Department of International Water Resources, Civil Engineering Faculty, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Nicel Saygın

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Virginia Thompson Couch

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

  • Taygun Uzelli

    (Geothermal Energy Research and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye)

Abstract

In the coming decades, climate change will be one of the most significant challenges for urban areas. The quantity, duration and intensity of events, such as flash rains and heat waves, will increase the vulnerability of urban regions while exposing citizens to potentially dangerous conditions. According to the current literature, mainstreaming resilience in urban planning means designing rules that strengthen urban systems’ adaptive and self-regulating functions by reducing their vulnerability. In this work, we aimed to build knowledge for the application of the sponge district concept to Izmir (Türkiye), one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to pluvial flooding. To do this, we first analyzed the runoff in each urban sub-watershed, then employed a composite index to determine potential areas of intervention for nature-based solutions. Results show that 10% of Izmir’s urban areas are extremely vulnerable to cloudbursts, which means that 40% of the urban population is exposed to this phenomenon. Moreover, the runoff calculation in the sub-watershed demonstrated that the potential flood volume is underestimated, especially in the upslope areas. The results can be used as a template to suggest a stepwise approach to mainstream the resilience of densely-inhabited coastal urban catchments.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Salata & Koray Velibeyoğlu & Alper Baba & Nicel Saygın & Virginia Thompson Couch & Taygun Uzelli, 2022. "Adapting Cities to Pluvial Flooding: The Case of Izmir (Türkiye)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16418-:d:997252
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stefano Salata & Silvia Ronchi & Carolina Giaimo & Andrea Arcidiacono & Giulio Gabriele Pantaloni, 2021. "Performance-Based Planning to Reduce Flooding Vulnerability Insights from the Case of Turin (North-West Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Stefano Salata & Bertan Arslan, 2022. "Designing with Ecosystem Modelling: The Sponge District Application in İzmir, Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stefano Salata, 2023. "Filling the Gaps in Biophysical Knowledge of Urban Ecosystems: Flooding Mitigation and Stormwater Retention," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, March.

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