IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i20p13369-d944846.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Asep Hidayatulloh

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Anis Chaabani

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Lifu Zhang

    (The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Mohamed Elhag

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    Department of Geoinformation in Environmental Management, CI-HEAM/Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, 73100 Chania, Greece
    Department of Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Science, German University of Technology in Oman, Muscat 1816, Oman)

Abstract

The changes in catchments can be analyzed through the generation of DEM, which is important as input data in hydrologic modeling. This study aims to analyze the effect of anthropogenic activities on hydrological studies based on DEM comparison and GIUH hydrographs. The four DEM datasets (SRTM, ALOS, Copernicus, Sentinel-1) were compared to the topographic map of Makkah City and GPS data in order to assess the quality of the DEM elevation. The GIS Arc Hydro toolbox was used to extract morphometric and Horton–Strahler ratio characteristics to generate a GIUH hydrograph of the catchments of Wadi Nouman and Wadi Ibrahim inside Makkah City. Based on the DEM comparison, Copernicus and SRTM have the highest accuracy, with R 2 = 0.9788 and 0.9765, and the lowest RMSE, 3.89 m and 4.23 m, respectively. ALOS and Sentinel-1 have the lowest R 2 , 0.9687 and 0.9028, and the highest RMSE, 4.27 m and 6.31 m, respectively. GIUH Copernicus DEM on Wadi Nouman has a higher q p and lower t p (0.21 1/h and 2.66 h) than SRTM (0.20 1/h and 2.75 h), respectively. On Wadi Ibrahim, the SRTM has a greater q p and lower t p than Copernicus due to the wadi having two shapes. Based on the anthropogenic effect, the stream network in the mountain area is quite similar for SRTM and Copernicus due to the dominant influence of the mountainous relief and relatively inconsequential influence of anthropogenic activities and DEM noise. In the urban area, the variation of the stream network is high due to differing DEM noise and significant anthropogenic activities such as urban redevelopment. The Copernicus DEM has the best performance of the others, with high accuracy, less RMSE, and stream flow direction following the recent condition.

Suggested Citation

  • Asep Hidayatulloh & Anis Chaabani & Lifu Zhang & Mohamed Elhag, 2022. "DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13369-:d:944846
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13369/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13369/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jarbou Bahrawi & Hatem Ewea & Ahmed Kamis & Mohamed Elhag, 2020. "Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 795-809, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed Hafedh Hamza & Afnan Mohammed Saegh, 2023. "Flash Flood Risk Assessment Due to a Possible Dam Break in Urban Arid Environment, the New Um Al-Khair Dam Case Study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Quansheng Li & Feiyue Li & Junting Guo & Li Guo & Shanshan Wang & Yaping Zhang & Mengyuan Li & Chengye Zhang, 2023. "The Synergistic Effect of Topographic Factors and Vegetation Indices on the Underground Coal Mine Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-23, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dorcas Idowu & Wendy Zhou, 2023. "Global Megacities and Frequent Floods: Correlation between Urban Expansion Patterns and Urban Flood Hazards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Rifat, Shaikh Abdullah Al & Liu, Weibo, 2022. "Predicting future urban growth scenarios and potential urban flood exposure using Artificial Neural Network-Markov Chain model in Miami Metropolitan Area," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    3. Jaka Budiman & Jarbou Bahrawi & Asep Hidayatulloh & Mansour Almazroui & Mohamed Elhag, 2021. "Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Hafiz Suliman Munawar & Ahmed W. A. Hammad & S. Travis Waller & Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem & Asheem Shrestha, 2021. "An Integrated Approach for Post-Disaster Flood Management Via the Use of Cutting-Edge Technologies and UAVs: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Othman, Abdullah & El-Saoud, Waleed A. & Habeebullah, Turki & Shaaban, Fathy & Abotalib, Abotalib Z., 2023. "Risk assessment of flash flood and soil erosion impacts on electrical infrastructures in overcrowded mountainous urban areas under climate change," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13369-:d:944846. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.