IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i15p9576-d880179.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Challenges in Micro and Small Food Enterprises during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador

Author

Listed:
  • Clara Orellana-Rojas

    (Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial and Instituto de Innovación en Productividad y Logística CATENA-USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador)

  • Carolina Chávez-Campuzano

    (Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial and Instituto de Innovación en Productividad y Logística CATENA-USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador)

  • Andrea Herrera-Cervantes

    (Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial and Instituto de Innovación en Productividad y Logística CATENA-USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador)

  • Yndira Guevara

    (Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad del Pacifico, María 15072, Peru)

  • Yereth Romero

    (Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad del Pacifico, María 15072, Peru)

  • Mariana Moyano

    (Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad del Pacifico, María 15072, Peru)

  • Rafael Rentería-Ramos

    (Instituto Técnico Profesional, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia de Colombia, Bogotá 730006, Colombia)

  • Mario Chong

    (Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad del Pacifico, María 15072, Peru)

Abstract

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) play a significant role in developing countries such as Ecuador. The food and beverage industry is essential for Ecuador’s economy, contributing approximately 5% to its GDP. Focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on the industry, this mixed research takes a qualitative and quantitative approach involving four stages: foundation, prefield, field, and reporting. The fieldwork was carried out when Ecuador’s economy reopened in September 2020, which saw demand increase gradually, production capacity recovering, mobility return to normal levels, and curfew restrictions reduced. As far as biosecurity protocols were concerned, communities were allowed to resume pre-pandemic activities, provided they complied with social distancing, permanent mask wearing, and strict cleaning procedures. The effect on each company’s process depends on the activities they adopted to mitigate the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic risk, e.g., service companies experienced, on average, a 22% cost increase due to the purchase of cleaning supplies, while manufacturing companies were more likely to have related measures in place and so the effect on them was on a comparatively smaller scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Clara Orellana-Rojas & Carolina Chávez-Campuzano & Andrea Herrera-Cervantes & Yndira Guevara & Yereth Romero & Mariana Moyano & Rafael Rentería-Ramos & Mario Chong, 2022. "Challenges in Micro and Small Food Enterprises during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9576-:d:880179
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/15/9576/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/15/9576/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nordhagen, Stella & Igbeka, Uduak & Rowlands, Hannah & Shine, Ritta Sabbas & Heneghan, Emily & Tench, Jonathan, 2021. "COVID-19 and small enterprises in the food supply chain: Early impacts and implications for longer-term food system resilience in low- and middle-income countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    2. Aiello, A.E. & Coulborn, R.M. & Perez, V. & Larson, E.L., 2008. "Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: A meta-analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(8), pages 1372-1381.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chacha, Peter Wankuru & Kirui, Benard Kipyegon & Wiedemann, Verena, 2024. "Supply Chains in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Kenya’s Production Network," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    2. Bianca Carducci & Yaqub Wasan & Agha Shakeel & Amjad Hussain & Jo-Anna B. Baxter & Arjumand Rizvi & Sajid B. Soofi & Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, 2022. "Characterizing Retail Food Environments in Peri-Urban Pakistan during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Margherita Bernabei & Silvia Colabianchi & Francesco Costantino, 2022. "Actions and Strategies for Coronavirus to Ensure Supply Chain Resilience: A Systemic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Hausmann, Ricardo & Schetter, Ulrich, 2022. "Horrible trade-offs in a pandemic: Poverty, fiscal space, policy, and welfare," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    5. Jennifer Trudeau & Anna-Maria Aksan & William F. Vásquez, 2018. "Water system unreliability and diarrhea incidence among children in Guatemala," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(2), pages 241-250, March.
    6. Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo & Francisco José Moreno-Martínez & Ana María Hernández Susarte & César Hueso-Montoro & María Ruzafa-Martínez, 2019. "Social Determinants of Health, the Family, and Children’s Personal Hygiene: A Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Christos Nicolaides & Demetris Avraam & Luis Cueto‐Felgueroso & Marta C. González & Ruben Juanes, 2020. "Hand‐Hygiene Mitigation Strategies Against Global Disease Spreading through the Air Transportation Network," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(4), pages 723-740, April.
    8. Amadu, Festus O. & McNamara, Paul E. & Davis, Kristin E., 2021. "Soil health and grain yield impacts of climate resilient agriculture projects: Evidence from southern Malawi," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Fabiane Tubino Garcia & Carla Schwengber ten Caten & Elaine Aparecida Regiani de Campos & Aline Marian Callegaro & Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco, 2022. "Mortality Risk Factors in Micro and Small Businesses: Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-37, February.
    10. Jianxin Guo & Songqing Jin & Jichun Zhao & Yuhua Li, 2023. "E‐commerce and supply chain resilience during COVID‐19: Evidence from agricultural input e‐stores in China," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(2), pages 369-393, June.
    11. Chen, Yutong & Debnath, Sisir & Sekhri, Sheetal & Sekhri, Vishal, 2023. "The impact of Covid-19 containment lockdowns on MSMEs in India and resilience of exporting firms," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 320-341.
    12. Nguyen Duc Kien & Pham Xuan Hung & Truong Tan Quan & Nguyen Minh Hien, 2023. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Responses in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Vietnamese Firms," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    13. Dingman, Deirdre & Wu, Jingwei & Murphy, Heather M., 2020. "School-based, blacklight handwashing program can improve handwashing quality and knowledge among pre-school aged children," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Woojae Han & Jeong-Soon Yu & Sihun Park & Myung-Soon Kwon, 2021. "A Systematic Review for Effective Preventive Public Education of Respiratory Infection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-17, April.
    15. Center for Economic and Social & International Food Policy Research Institute & Michigan State University, 2016. "Revitalized Agriculture for Balanced Growth and Resilient Livelihoods: Toward a Rural Development Strategy for Mon State, Myanmar," Food Security International Development Working Papers 249278, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    16. Francisco González-Gómez & Enrique Lluch-Frechina & Jorge Guardiola, 2013. "Water Habits and Hygiene Education to Prevent Diarrhoeal Diseases: The Zambezi River Basin in Mozambique," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 25(4), pages 563-572.
    17. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2022. "Development Aid and Export Resilience in Developing Countries: A Reference to Aid for Trade," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-31, July.
    18. Hanne C Lie & Leigh W Simmons & Gillian Rhodes, 2009. "Does Genetic Diversity Predict Health in Humans?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(7), pages 1-7, July.
    19. Astrid Hasund Thorseth & Jennifer Lamb & Constancia Vimbayi Mavodza & Mandikudza Tembo & Anesu Petra Mushangari & Eddington Zinyandu & Thomas Heath & Sian White, 2024. "Using Wash’Em to Design Handwashing Programmes for Crisis-Affected Populations in Zimbabwe: A Process Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-25, February.
    20. Octavian Augustin Mihalache & Daniela Borda & Corina Neagu & Paula Teixeira & Solveig Langsrud & Anca Ioana Nicolau, 2021. "Efficacy of Removing Bacteria and Organic Dirt from Hands—A Study Based on Bioluminescence Measurements for Evaluation of Hand Hygiene When Cooking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-13, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9576-:d:880179. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.