IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i15p9512-d879195.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”

Author

Listed:
  • Lunzheng Zhou

    (College of Economics and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

  • Guangji Tong

    (College of Economics and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

Abstract

Enhancing trade in agricultural products between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) will help strengthen China’s food security and promote global, sustainable economic development. Based on the agricultural trade data between China and B&R countries from 2001 to 2019, we used the TII index, the HHI index, and the social network analysis method to calculate the trade structure of agricultural products between China and B&R countries, in terms of plane structure and spatial network structure, and analyzed the influencing factors of their spatial network structure. The results show that China’s agricultural trade with B&R countries is highly concentrated in terms of regions and types, the import trade is decentralized, while the export trade is concentrated, and the regions with high trade intensity are mainly concentrated in the countries in close proximity. China’s agricultural trade network with B&R countries has become increasingly close, and China has a significant presence in trade networks. The trade network shows four major segments, and the internal and external trade of each segment has become increasingly close. Water resources, geographical location, transportation, trade agreements, and trade structure are the main influencing factors in the trade network between China and B&R countries. Our findings provide useful insights for informed decision-making in the development of international agricultural sustainable cooperation strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Lunzheng Zhou & Guangji Tong, 2022. "Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-24, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9512-:d:879195
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/15/9512/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/15/9512/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. WANG, Ling, 2016. "An Empirical Analysis of the Export Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Hubei Province Based on Inter-provincial Comparison," Asian Agricultural Research, USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation, vol. 8(03), pages 1-4, March.
    2. Jingpeng Guo & Kebiao Mao & Zijin Yuan & Zhihao Qin & Tongren Xu & Sayed M. Bateni & Yinghui Zhao & Caixia Ye, 2021. "Global Food Security Assessment during 1961–2019," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Feng, Lianyue & Xu, Helian & Wu, Gang & Zhao, Yuan & Xu, Jialin, 2020. "Exploring the structure and influence factors of trade competitive advantage network along the Belt and Road," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 559(C).
    4. Elena‐Mădălina Vătămănescu & Vlad‐Andrei Alexandru & Andreea Mitan & Dan‐Cristian Dabija, 2020. "From the deliberate managerial strategy towards international business performance: A psychic distance vs. global mindset approach," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(2), pages 374-387, March.
    5. Zhang Ya & Kuangyuan Pei, 2022. "Factors Influencing Agricultural Products Trade between China and Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, May.
    6. Kojima, Kiyoshi, 1964. "The Pattern of International Trade Among Advanced Countries," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 5(1), pages 16-36, June.
    7. Alexandra-Ioana Glogovețan & Dan-Cristian Dabija & Mariantonietta Fiore & Cristina Bianca Pocol, 2022. "Consumer Perception and Understanding of European Union Quality Schemes: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Karemera, David & I. Smith, Wilbur, 1999. "A Gravity Model Analysis of the Benefits of Economic Integration in the Pacific Rim," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 14, pages 347-367.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, 2023. "Sustainable Development Agricultural Economics and Policy: Intensification versus Diversification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-4, June.
    2. Ziming Bai & Chenyang Liu & Hongye Wang & Cuixia Li, 2023. "Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Global Dairy Trade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marek Nagy & George Lăzăroiu, 2022. "Computer Vision Algorithms, Remote Sensing Data Fusion Techniques, and Mapping and Navigation Tools in the Industry 4.0-Based Slovak Automotive Sector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Chunyan Li & Jianmei Gao & Lanqing Ge & Weina Hu & Qi Ban, 2023. "Do Geographical Indication Products Promote the Growth of the Agricultural Economy? An Empirical Study Based on Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Rui Liu & Xiaohua Tang & Cuiming Zhao & Zifan Shen & Ru Li & Jiangang Yu, 2024. "Research on the International Competitiveness and Sustainable Trade Development of the Key Equipment and Components of China’s High-Speed Rail," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Koopmann, Georg & Vogel, Lars, 2011. "Globalisierung, Regionalisierung und die Handelspolitik der Europäischen Union," HWWI Policy Papers 58, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
    5. Elena-Mădălina Vătămănescu & Andreea Mitan & Paul Claudiu Cotîrleț & Andreia Gabriela Andrei, 2022. "Exploring the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing between Informal Business Networks and Organizational Performance: An Insight into SMEs Internationalization in CEE," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    6. Pradyut Guha & Rangalal Mohapatra, 2016. "Intensity and Pattern of Border Trade in India’s Northeast," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 51(3), pages 248-265, August.
    7. Tiken Das & Pradyut Guha, 2022. "Indo‐ASEAN Trade Complementarity and Favourability with Transition from Look East to Act East Policy: Evidence from Northeastern States of India," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(2), pages 215-243, April.
    8. Wajid Islam & Junaid Ahmed & Amjad Masood, 2022. "Unlocking Markets: Assessing Pakistan’s Trade Potential with Gulf Cooperation Council Members," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 27(2), pages 21-38, July-Dec.
    9. Ouyang, Shanshan & Li, Yanxi & Wu, Haowen & Zhao, Heng & Xu, Runxiang, 2023. "Structure and evolution of the greenfield FDI network along the belt and road," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Donald R. Davis & David E. Weinstein, 2002. "What Role for Empirics in International Trade?," Aussenwirtschaft, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economics Research, vol. 57(04), pages 441-468, December.
    11. Tatjana Peulić & Aleksandar Marić & Nikola Maravić & Aleksandra Novaković & Bojana Kalenjuk Pivarski & Ivana Čabarkapa & Jasmina Lazarević & Stefan Šmugović & Predrag Ikonić, 2023. "Consumer Attitudes and Preferences towards Traditional Food Products in Vojvodina," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-17, August.
    12. Alrawad, Mahmaod & Lutfi, Abdalwali & Alyatama, Sundus & Al Khattab, Adel & Alsoboa, Sliman S. & Almaiah, Mohammed Amin & Ramadan, Mujtaba Hashim & Arafa, Hussin Mostafa & Ahmed, Nazar Ali & Alsyouf, , 2023. "Assessing customers perception of online shopping risks: A structural equation modeling–based multigroup analysis," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    13. Amita Batra, 2010. "Asian Economic Integration ASEAN+3+1 or ASEAN+1s?," Working Papers id:2734, eSocialSciences.
    14. Prakash Chandra Adhikary & Md. Sirazuddin Biswas, 1991. "Potential Gains to Bangladesh for Imports of Selected Commodities from India and Pakistan: An Analytic Investigation," India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, , vol. 47(4), pages 63-82, July.
    15. Benjamin Kofi Tawiah Edjah & Jianping Wu & Jinjin Tian, 2022. "Research on the Comparative Advantage and Complementarity of China–Ghana Agricultural Product Trade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-14, October.
    16. Maria Crescimanno & Domenico Farruggia & Antonino Galati & Dario Siggia, 2013. "Intensit? degli scambi agroalimentari tra i Paesi del bacino del Mediterraneo," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 15(1), pages 13-35.
    17. Monica Ioana Burcă-Voicu & Romana Emilia Cramarenco & Dan-Cristian Dabija, 2022. "Investigating Learners’ Teaching Format Preferences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Investigation on an Emerging Market," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-21, September.
    18. Carton, Christine & Slim, Sadri, 2018. "Trade misinvoicing in OECD countries: what can we learn from bilateral trade intensity indices?," MPRA Paper 85703, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. repec:kap:iaecre:v:14:y:2008:i:4:p:355-368 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Koveshnikov, Alexei & Dabija, Dan-Cristian & Inkpen, Andrew & Vătămănescu, Elena-Mădălina, 2022. "Not running out of steam after 30 years: The enduring relevance of Central and Eastern Europe for international management scholarship," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(3).
    21. Sayeeda Bano, 2014. "Trade Relations between New Zealand and China: An Empirical Analysis in the Context of a Free Trade Agreement," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 4, pages 75-92, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9512-:d:879195. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.