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Sustainable Development Levels and Influence Factors in Rural China Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

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  • Jianwen Shi

    (School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Xiuyun Yang

    (School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

Abstract

Accurate and quantitative assessments of rural development can offer important information for the formulation of rural development strategies. The purpose of this study was to provide a new perspective on the evaluation of rural sustainable development, overcoming the limitations of past studies that were based on simple analyses using a single method. In doing so, we aimed to provide a theoretical reference for formulating differentiated policies for regional rural development. In the present study, the rural development levels of 31 provincial administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed based on the rural revitalization index framework, using five dimensions proposed in a previous study, i.e., industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and a rich life. China’s rural sustainable development level was calculated using kernel density estimation and least squares estimation of temporal and spatial analyses. The results revealed that the development levels of rural areas in China are improving, but the improvement is not spatially consistent across rural areas. On the basis of the driving factors and causal mechanism, seven types of rural development levels were identified. We further analyzed the main reasons for the spatial differences in rural development levels and offer suggestions for improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianwen Shi & Xiuyun Yang, 2022. "Sustainable Development Levels and Influence Factors in Rural China Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8908-:d:867486
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Shaojian & Li, Guangdong & Fang, Chuanglin, 2018. "Urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from countries with different income levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2144-2159.
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    2. Jinqian Deng & Xiao Li & Na Zhang, 2024. "The Impact of Digital Rural Construction on Rural Revitalization-Empirical Evidence from Chinese County Panel Data," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, October.
    3. Wanli Ma & Liangze Mu, 2024. "China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy: Sustainable Development, Welfare, and Poverty Alleviation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(2), pages 743-767, September.
    4. Yujiao Li & Rong Ma & Bei Jin, 2023. "Research on Rural Typology Based on the Symbiotic Model of Rural Revitalization and Basic Public Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Yanyu Wang & Robert Tian, 2023. "Development of Rural Regions in China: Evidence of Industry Integration by the Residents of Yongan Village (Quanzhou City, China)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Ye Tian & Qin Liu & Yiting Ye & Zhaofang Zhang & Ribesh Khanal, 2023. "How the Rural Digital Economy Drives Rural Industrial Revitalization—Case Study of China’s 30 Provinces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Stavros Kalogiannidis & Christina-Ioanna Papadopoulou & Efstratios Loizou & Fotios Chatzitheodoridis, 2023. "Risk, Vulnerability, and Resilience in Agriculture and Their Impact on Sustainable Rural Economy Development: A Case Study of Greece," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Mei Yang & Mengyun Jiao & Jinyu Zhang, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Influencing Factors of Rural Resilience from the Perspective of Sustainable Rural Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, September.
    9. Dan Zang & Yumei Xie & Silvia Barbero & Amina Pereno, 2023. "How Does Systemic Design Facilitate the Sustainability Transition of Rural Communities? A Comparative Case Study between China and Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, June.
    10. Ying Zhang & Xinyu Xie & Xiaoping Qiu & Zheng Jing & Yongqian Yu & Yan Wang, 2023. "Study on Livelihood Resilience of Rural Residents under the Rural Revitalization Strategy in Ethnic Areas of Western Sichuan, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, October.
    11. Jingru Chen & Hengyuan Zeng & Qiang Gao, 2023. "Using the Sustainable Development Capacity of Key Counties to Guide Rural Revitalization in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-26, February.
    12. Hua Yang & Xingquan Deng & Hao Shen & Qingfeng Lei & Shuxiang Zhang & Neng Liu, 2023. "Disease Detection and Identification of Rice Leaf Based on Improved Detection Transformer," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Xiaohan Zhang & Haowei Wu & Zhihui Li & Xia Li, 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Rural Development in Northeast China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    14. Yu Cao & Liyan Huang & Nur Mardhiyah Aziz & Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzaman, 2022. "Building Information Modelling (BIM) Capabilities in the Design and Planning of Rural Settlements in China: A Systematic Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-34, October.
    15. Linqing Fang & Zhihao Liu & Caiyu Jin, 2023. "How Does the Integration of Cultural Tourism Industry Affect Rural Revitalization? The Mediating Effect of New Urbanization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    16. Xiaojuan Yang & Weiwei Li & Ping Zhang & Hua Chen & Min Lai & Sidong Zhao, 2023. "The Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms of Rural Revitalization in Western China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, July.

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