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The Groundwater Flow Behavior and the Recharge in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System during the Wet and Arid Periods

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Listed:
  • Ahmed Mohamed

    (Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

  • Ezzat Ahmed

    (Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

  • Fahad Alshehri

    (Abdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed Abdelrady

    (Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is made up of three major sub-basins: Kufra, Dakhla, and the N. Sudan Platform. It is one of the world’s largest groundwater systems. The aquifer’s hydrologic setting, connectivity of its sub-basins, and groundwater flow across these sub-basins are currently unclear. To address these issues, we used a combined approach that included: (1) a regionally calibrated groundwater flow model that mimics early (>10,000 years) steady-state conditions under wet climatic periods and later (<10,000 years BP–1960; 1960–2010) transient conditions under arid climatic periods; and (2) groundwater ages ( 36 Cl, 81 Kr) and isotopic ( 18 O, 2 H) data. The NSAS was recharged on a regional scale in previous wet climatic periods; however, in dry periods, its outcrops are still receiving local modest recharge. A progressive increase in 36 Cl groundwater ages was found along groundwater flow directions and along structures that are sub-parallel to the flow direction. The NE–SW Pelusium mega shear zone is a preferential groundwater flow conduit from the Kufra to the Dakhla sub-basin. The south-to-north groundwater flow is hampered by the Uweinat–Aswan basement uplift. The findings provide useful information about the best ways to use the NSAS.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Mohamed & Ezzat Ahmed & Fahad Alshehri & Ahmed Abdelrady, 2022. "The Groundwater Flow Behavior and the Recharge in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System during the Wet and Arid Periods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6823-:d:830710
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pennan Chinnasamy & Govindasamy Agoramoorthy, 2015. "Groundwater Storage and Depletion Trends in Tamil Nadu State, India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(7), pages 2139-2152, May.
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