IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i10p5757-d812194.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimization of On-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System: A Case Study on Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Author

Listed:
  • Mohsin Shahzad

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Arsalan Qadir

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Noman Ullah

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Zahid Mahmood

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Naufal Mohamad Saad

    (Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Syed Saad Azhar Ali

    (Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

Abstract

Expansion of modern power systems due to increasing energy demands face the challenges of grid reinforcement cost, size and complexity, transmission losses, and environmental factors. Placement of renewable energy sources (RES) based generation systems addresses these challenges. However, the size and placement location of RES-based system require optimization of installation and operational cost with better return on investment and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents an optimized solution for RES-based generation system to be installed with the existing power system of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) region that is facing power shortfall and load shedding. The weather and climate data from NASA and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have been used and various models of on-grid hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) are compared to highlight their techno-economic benefits. An optimal hybrid photovoltaic, wind, and hydroelectric energy-based generation system is proposed with a significant reduction in cost of energy, net present cost, initial costs, and GHG emissions. Installation of the proposed hybrid RES-based generation system guarantees reduction in system power losses and line flows with an improved voltage profile of the system.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohsin Shahzad & Arsalan Qadir & Noman Ullah & Zahid Mahmood & Naufal Mohamad Saad & Syed Saad Azhar Ali, 2022. "Optimization of On-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System: A Case Study on Azad Jammu and Kashmir," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5757-:d:812194
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/5757/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/5757/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Odou, Oluwarotimi Delano Thierry & Bhandari, Ramchandra & Adamou, Rabani, 2020. "Hybrid off-grid renewable power system for sustainable rural electrification in Benin," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 1266-1279.
    2. Iver Bakken Sperstad & Magnus Korpås, 2019. "Energy Storage Scheduling in Distribution Systems Considering Wind and Photovoltaic Generation Uncertainties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Chambon, Clementine L. & Karia, Tanuj & Sandwell, Philip & Hallett, Jason P., 2020. "Techno-economic assessment of biomass gasification-based mini-grids for productive energy applications: The case of rural India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 432-444.
    4. Akikur, R.K. & Saidur, R. & Ping, H.W. & Ullah, K.R., 2013. "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid rural electrification: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 738-752.
    5. Steinke, Florian & Wolfrum, Philipp & Hoffmann, Clemens, 2013. "Grid vs. storage in a 100% renewable Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 826-832.
    6. Bekele, Getachew & Palm, Björn, 2010. "Feasibility study for a standalone solar-wind-based hybrid energy system for application in Ethiopia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 487-495, February.
    7. Chu Donatus Iweh & Samuel Gyamfi & Emmanuel Tanyi & Eric Effah-Donyina, 2021. "Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Integration into the Grid: Prerequisites, Push Factors, Practical Options, Issues and Merits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-34, August.
    8. Muhammad Arif & Mohsin Shahzad & Qianmu Li & Jawad Saleem & Muhammad Shamrooz Aslam & Abdul Majid, 2020. "Single Magnetic Element-Based High Step-Up Converter for Energy Storage and Photovoltaic System with Reduced Device Count," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-19, October.
    9. Mohsin Shahzad & Ishtiaq Ahmad & Wolfgang Gawlik & Peter Palensky, 2016. "Load Concentration Factor Based Analytical Method for Optimal Placement of Multiple Distribution Generators for Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-21, April.
    10. Bagheri, Mehdi & Delbari, Seyed Hamid & Pakzadmanesh, Mina & Kennedy, Christopher A., 2019. "City-integrated renewable energy design for low-carbon and climate-resilient communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1212-1225.
    11. Mohsin Shahzad & Waseem Akram & Muhammad Arif & Uzair Khan & Barkat Ullah, 2021. "Optimal Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generators by Strawberry Plant Propagation Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    12. Majbaul Alam & Subhes Bhattacharyya, 2016. "Decentralized Renewable Hybrid Mini-Grids for Sustainable Electrification of the Off-Grid Coastal Areas of Bangladesh," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-16, April.
    13. Bhatt, Ankit & Sharma, M.P. & Saini, R.P., 2016. "Feasibility and sensitivity analysis of an off-grid micro hydro–photovoltaic–biomass and biogas–diesel–battery hybrid energy system for a remote area in Uttarakhand state, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 53-69.
    14. Nfah, E.M. & Ngundam, J.M. & Vandenbergh, M. & Schmid, J., 2008. "Simulation of off-grid generation options for remote villages in Cameroon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 1064-1072.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fan Li & Dong Liu & Boyu Qin & Ke Sun & Dan Wang & Hanqing Liang & Cheng Zhang & Taikun Tao, 2022. "Multi-Objective Energy Optimal Scheduling of Multiple Pulsed Loads in Isolated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Abdullah, Fahad Bin & Arsalan Aqeeq, Muhammad & Iqbal, Rizwan & Abdullah, Maria & Memon, Falak Shad, 2024. "Enhancing electricity distribution efficiency in Pakistan: A framework for progress and action," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Md. Fatin Ishraque & Akhlaqur Rahman & Sk. A. Shezan & GM Shafiullah, 2022. "Operation and Assessment of a Microgrid for Maldives: Islanded and Grid-Tied Mode," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Adewale Zakariyahu Obaro & Josiah Lange Munda & Adedayo Adedamola YUSUFF, 2023. "Modelling and Energy Management of an Off-Grid Distributed Energy System: A Typical Community Scenario in South Africa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-30, January.
    5. Md. Fatin Ishraque & Akhlaqur Rahman & Sk. A. Shezan & S. M. Muyeen, 2022. "Grid Connected Microgrid Optimization and Control for a Coastal Island in the Indian Ocean," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Muhammad Aqil Afham Rahmat & Ag Sufiyan Abd Hamid & Yuanshen Lu & Muhammad Amir Aziat Ishak & Shaikh Zishan Suheel & Ahmad Fazlizan & Adnan Ibrahim, 2022. "An Analysis of Renewable Energy Technology Integration Investments in Malaysia Using HOMER Pro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. William López-Castrillón & Héctor H. Sepúlveda & Cristian Mattar, 2021. "Off-Grid Hybrid Electrical Generation Systems in Remote Communities: Trends and Characteristics in Sustainability Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-29, May.
    2. Munir Husein & Hyung-Ju Kim & Il-Yop Chung, 2020. "The Impact of Policy and Technology Parameters on the Economics of Microgrids for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Remote Communities in Bolivia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-26, February.
    3. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    4. Bahramara, S. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Haghifam, M.R., 2016. "Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 609-620.
    5. Sen, Rohit & Bhattacharyya, Subhes C., 2014. "Off-grid electricity generation with renewable energy technologies in India: An application of HOMER," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 388-398.
    6. Muh, Erasmus & Tabet, Fouzi, 2019. "Comparative analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for off-grid applications in Southern Cameroons," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 41-54.
    7. Ghaem Sigarchian, Sara & Paleta, Rita & Malmquist, Anders & Pina, André, 2015. "Feasibility study of using a biogas engine as backup in a decentralized hybrid (PV/wind/battery) power generation system – Case study Kenya," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1830-1841.
    8. Thirunavukkarasu, M. & Sawle, Yashwant & Lala, Himadri, 2023. "A comprehensive review on optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems using various optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    9. Abhi Chatterjee & Daniel Burmester & Alan Brent & Ramesh Rayudu, 2019. "Research Insights and Knowledge Headways for Developing Remote, Off-Grid Microgrids in Developing Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    10. Zubi, Ghassan & Fracastoro, Gian Vincenzo & Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & El Bakari, Khalil & Andrews, David, 2019. "The unlocked potential of solar home systems; an effective way to overcome domestic energy poverty in developing regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1425-1435.
    11. Yilmaz, Saban & Dincer, Furkan, 2017. "Optimal design of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated lands: A case study for Kilis, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 344-352.
    12. Siddaiah, Rajanna & Saini, R.P., 2016. "A review on planning, configurations, modeling and optimization techniques of hybrid renewable energy systems for off grid applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 376-396.
    13. Kumar, Pankaj & Pal, Nitai & Sharma, Himanshu, 2022. "Optimization and techno-economic analysis of a solar photo-voltaic/biomass/diesel/battery hybrid off-grid power generation system for rural remote electrification in eastern India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    14. Haghighat Mamaghani, Alireza & Avella Escandon, Sebastian Alberto & Najafi, Behzad & Shirazi, Ali & Rinaldi, Fabio, 2016. "Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in Colombia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 293-305.
    15. Andrea Vallati & Stefano Grignaffini & Marco Romagna, 2015. "RETRACTED: A New Method to Energy Saving in a Micro Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Chmiel, Zbigniew & Bhattacharyya, Subhes C., 2015. "Analysis of off-grid electricity system at Isle of Eigg (Scotland): Lessons for developing countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 578-588.
    17. Park, Eunil & Kwon, Sang Jib, 2016. "Solutions for optimizing renewable power generation systems at Kyung-Hee University׳s Global Campus, South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 439-449.
    18. Khan, Faizan A. & Pal, Nitai & Saeed, Syed H., 2021. "Optimization and sizing of SPV/Wind hybrid renewable energy system: A techno-economic and social perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    19. Trotter, Philipp A. & McManus, Marcelle C. & Maconachie, Roy, 2017. "Electricity planning and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1189-1209.
    20. Ribó-Pérez, David & Herraiz-Cañete, Ángela & Alfonso-Solar, David & Vargas-Salgado, Carlos & Gómez-Navarro, Tomás, 2021. "Modelling biomass gasifiers in hybrid renewable energy microgrids; a complete procedure for enabling gasifiers simulation in HOMER," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 501-512.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5757-:d:812194. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.