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RETRACTED: A New Method to Energy Saving in a Micro Grid

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  • Andrea Vallati

    (Department of Astronautic, Electric and Energetic Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy)

  • Stefano Grignaffini

    (Department of Astronautic, Electric and Energetic Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Marco Romagna

    (Department of Astronautic, Electric and Energetic Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and CO 2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g., photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. A system with multiple energy sources represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are a wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid, the purpose of this paper is to propose the best technology combination for electricity generation from a mix of renewable energy resources to satisfy the electrical needs. The paper identifies the optimal off-grid option and compares this with conventional grid extension, through the use of HOMER software. The solution obtained shows that a hybrid combination of renewable energy generators at an off-grid location can be a cost-effective alternative to grid extension and it is sustainable, techno-economically viable, and environmentally sound. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25%, respectively, and CO 2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as the case study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, flywheels, and micro—Compressed Air Energy Storage (C.A.E.S.).

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Vallati & Stefano Grignaffini & Marco Romagna, 2015. "RETRACTED: A New Method to Energy Saving in a Micro Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:7:y:2015:i:10:p:13904-13919:d:57159
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sustainability Editorial Office, 2016. "RETRACTED: Vallati et al. A New Method to Energy Saving in a Micro Grid. Sustainability 2015, 7, 13904–13919," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1, April.
    2. Andrea Vallati & Chiara Colucci & Pawel Oclon, 2018. "Energetical Analysis of Two Different Configurations of a Liquid-Gas Compressed Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Xiongfeng Pan & Yaobo Yan & Xiaoxue Peng & Qing Liu, 2016. "Analysis of the Threshold Effect of Financial Development on China’s Carbon Intensity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Haixiang Zang & Mian Guo & Zeyu Qian & Zhinong Wei & Guoqiang Sun, 2016. "A Novel Method for Fast Configuration of Energy Storage Capacity in Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Wind Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Akbar Maleki & Marc A. Rosen & Fathollah Pourfayaz, 2017. "Optimal Operation of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Residential Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-20, July.

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