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Soil Respiration Characteristics and Influencing Factors for Apple Orchards in Different Regions on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province

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  • Tingting Hou

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Yanping Wang

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Fuxing Guo

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Qiong Jia

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Xinnan Wu

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Enguang Wang

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Jingbo Hong

    (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

Abstract

To explore the characteristics of the spatial and temporal variation in soil respiration (SR) in orchard ecosystems in different regions of the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province and to distinguish the controlling factors, representative orchards were studied from April to October 2019. We conducted SR measurements in five locations, including Mizhi dangta (MZ), Ansai Liuzhuang (AS), Luochuan houzitou (LC), Fuping meijiaping (FP), and Yangling Wuquan (YL). The results indicated that the SR of each orchard showed clear seasonal variation. The SR increased with the distance from the trunk at the tree scale, while gradually increasing from north to south on the regional scale ( p < 0.05). The soil temperature and soil moisture were the main factors controlling the seasonal changes in SR in the orchards. On the tree scale, the fine root biomass was the main factor causing the tree-scale spatial variability. At the regional scale, SR was mainly influenced by the differences in the soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, soil bulk density and pH. In agricultural management practices, the cumulative soil respiration was higher with irrigated treatment than with non-irrigated (NI) treatment ( p < 0.05). In addition, traditional surface drip irrigation (SDI) and root injection irrigation (RII) showed great differences in soil respiration in the early and late stages of irrigation (p < 0.05), and the soil moisture was the main controlling factor. Compared with no tillage (NI), green cover (GC), deep tillage (DT), and shallow tillage (ST) increased the SR by 57%, 36% and 14%, respectively ( p < 0.05). Due to the great temporal and spatial variation in the SR in our study area, we determined that the soil respiration in the orchards was affected not only by environmental factors but also by agricultural measures. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to human factors when exploring SR to ensure that orchard management can promote the economic benefits of the orchards without greatly impacting the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Tingting Hou & Yanping Wang & Fuxing Guo & Qiong Jia & Xinnan Wu & Enguang Wang & Jingbo Hong, 2021. "Soil Respiration Characteristics and Influencing Factors for Apple Orchards in Different Regions on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4780-:d:542687
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Yaosheng & Liu, Fulai & Andersen, Mathias N. & Jensen, Christian R., 2010. "Carbon retention in the soil-plant system under different irrigation regimes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 419-424, December.
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