IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i2p656-d478788.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Municipal Waste Recycling and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO 2 Emissions across the European Union (EU) Member Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Yilmaz Bayar

    (Department of Public Finance, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200 Bandırma/Balıkesir, Turkey)

  • Marius Dan Gavriletea

    (Department of Business, Business Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Stefan Sauer

    (FAU/Nuremberg Center of Technology, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany)

  • Dragos Paun

    (Department of Business, Business Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

The world population maintains a growing trend and in turn, the amount of municipal waste is also increasing. Rising municipal waste quantity poses a challenge for human beings and the environment, therefore recycling becomes important for environmental sustainability and circular economy. This study explores the effects of municipal waste recycling and renewable energy on the environment sustainability proxied by CO 2 emissions in EU member states over the period from 2004 to 2017 through panel cointegration and causality analyses. Recycling is considered an efficient way to reduce CO 2 emission, but surprisingly our results indicate mixed findings. The causality analysis revealed no significant interaction among recycling rate, renewable energy and CO 2 emissions. However, in the long run, the negative impact of recycling and renewable energy use on CO 2 emissions were revealed but varied among the countries. Results indicate that increasing renewable energy consumption will play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These findings must raise awareness among policymakers that should focus on the adoption and implementation of different types of sustainable energy policies that can affect directly or indirectly renewable energy sector development.

Suggested Citation

  • Yilmaz Bayar & Marius Dan Gavriletea & Stefan Sauer & Dragos Paun, 2021. "Impact of Municipal Waste Recycling and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO 2 Emissions across the European Union (EU) Member Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:656-:d:478788
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/656/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/656/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chengliang Zhang & Tong Xu & Hualiang Feng & Shaohua Chen, 2019. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfills: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Elbert Dijkgraaf & Raymond Gradus, 2017. "An EU Recycling Target: What Does the Dutch Evidence Tell Us?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 68(3), pages 501-526, November.
    3. Abbott, Andrew & Nandeibam, Shasikanta & O'Shea, Lucy, 2011. "Explaining the variation in household recycling rates across the UK," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(11), pages 2214-2223, September.
    4. Eberhardt, Markus & Teal, Francis, 2008. "Modeling technology and technological change in manufacturing: how do countries differ?," MPRA Paper 10690, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Salim, Ruhul A. & Shafiei, Sahar, 2014. "Urbanization and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in OECD countries: An empirical analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 581-591.
    6. Joakim Westerlund & David L. Edgerton, 2008. "A Simple Test for Cointegration in Dependent Panels with Structural Breaks," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(5), pages 665-704, October.
    7. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    8. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    9. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    10. T. S. Breusch & A. R. Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(1), pages 239-253.
    11. M. Hashem Pesaran & Aman Ullah & Takashi Yamagata, 2008. "A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 11(1), pages 105-127, March.
    12. Dong, Kangyin & Sun, Renjin & Hochman, Gal, 2017. "Do natural gas and renewable energy consumption lead to less CO2 emission? Empirical evidence from a panel of BRICS countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1466-1478.
    13. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2021. "General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 13-50, January.
    14. Zoundi, Zakaria, 2017. "CO2 emissions, renewable energy and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a panel cointegration approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1067-1075.
    15. Eberhardt, Markus & Bond, Stephen, 2009. "Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator," MPRA Paper 17692, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Marcela Taušová & Eva Mihaliková & Katarína Čulková & Beáta Stehlíková & Peter Tauš & Dušan Kudelas & Ľubomír Štrba & Lucia Domaracká, 2020. "Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
    17. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    18. Shafiei, Sahar & Salim, Ruhul A., 2014. "Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A comparative analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 547-556.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rossanto Dwi Haryanto & Yessi Rahmawati & Omar Guillermo Rojas Altamirano & Salsabila Fahar Ahsani & Adrianus Kabubu Hudang & Tri Haryanto, 2022. "An Empirical Investigation between FDI, Tourism, and Trade on CO2 Emission in Asia: Testing Environmental Kuznet Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(4), pages 385-393, July.
    2. I. Jianu & S. M. Jeloaica & M. D. Tudorache, 2022. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and its Main Drivers: a Panel Assessment for EU-27 Member States," Papers 2205.00295, arXiv.org.
    3. Li, Junhui & Li, Guowei, 2024. "Natural resources utilization, digital technology, and green development expenditures can reduce environmental stress: A case study of emerging economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    4. Junsong Jia & Jing Lei & Chundi Chen & Xu Song & Yexi Zhong, 2021. "Contribution of Renewable Energy Consumption to CO 2 Emission Mitigation: A Comparative Analysis from a Global Geographic Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, March.
    5. Xingyao Liu & Kai Wang & Hui Lu, 2023. "Research on Supply Chain Decisions for Production Waste Recovery and Reuse Based on a Recycler Focus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Guoxian Cao & Chaoyang Guo & Hezhong Li, 2022. "Risk Analysis of Public–Private Partnership Waste-to-Energy Incineration Projects from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Ke Zhao & Yang Ding, 2022. "Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Droplet Impact on Solid Surface," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-12, January.
    8. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Alam, Khosrul, 2022. "Effects of corruption, technological innovation, globalisation, and renewable energy on carbon emissions in Asian countries," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    9. Anna Komarnicka & Anna Murawska, 2021. "Comparison of Consumption and Renewable Sources of Energy in European Union Countries—Sectoral Indicators, Economic Conditions and Environmental Impacts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    10. Wang, Mengxia & Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Si Mohammed, Kamel & Cifuentes-Faura, Javier & Cai, Xiaotong, 2023. "Heterogenous Effects of Circular Economy, Green energy and Globalization on CO2 emissions: Policy based analysis for sustainable development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 789-801.
    11. Alena Harbiankova & Sławomir Kalinowski, 2023. "MSW Management to Zero Waste: Challenges and Perspectives in Belarus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-22, January.
    12. Su, Mengying & Yang, Zhongyu & Abbas, Shujaat & Bilan, Yuriy & Majewska, Agnieszka, 2023. "Toward enhancing environmental quality in OECD countries: Role of municipal waste, renewable energy, environmental innovation, and environmental policy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 975-984.
    13. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Alam, Khosrul, 2022. "Impact of industrialization and non-renewable energy on environmental pollution in Australia: Do renewable energy and financial development play a mitigating role?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 203-213.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dong, Kangyin & Hochman, Gal & Zhang, Yaqing & Sun, Renjin & Li, Hui & Liao, Hua, 2018. "CO2 emissions, economic and population growth, and renewable energy: Empirical evidence across regions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 180-192.
    2. Usman, Muhammad & Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail Amjad, 2021. "What abates ecological footprint in BRICS-T region? Exploring the influence of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, agriculture, forest area and financial development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 12-28.
    3. BAYAR Yilmaz & AKYUZ Fatma & EREM Isil, 2017. "Openness And Financial Development In Central And Eastern European Countries," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 12(3), pages 5-16, December.
    4. Gamze Sart & Yilmaz Bayar & Adrian-Gabriel Corpădean & Marius Dan Gavriletea, 2022. "Impact of ICT and Globalization on Educational Attainment: Evidence from the New EU Member States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Bayar, Yilmaz, 2016. "Economic Freedom and Unemployment in Emerging Market Economies," Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, Pro Global Science Association, vol. 11(1), pages 5-12, June.
    6. Hussein Moghaddam & Robert M. Kunst, 2023. "The Role of Natural Gas in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Major Gas-Producing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    7. Jiang, Hongdian & Dong, Xiucheng & Jiang, Qingzhe & Dong, Kangyin, 2020. "What drives China's natural gas consumption? Analysis of national and regional estimates," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    8. Yilmaz Bayar & Marius Dan Gavriletea, 2019. "Energy efficiency, renewable energy, economic growth: evidence from emerging market economies," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 2221-2234, July.
    9. Jin, Taeyoung, 2022. "The evolutionary renewable energy and mitigation impact in OECD countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 570-586.
    10. Yilmaz Bayar & Marius Dan Gavriletea & Dan Constantin Danuletiu & Adina Elena Danuletiu & Emre Sakar, 2022. "Pension Funds, Insurance Companies and Stock Market Development: Evidence from Emerging Markets," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(13), pages 1-13, July.
    11. Belaïd, Fateh & Zrelli, Maha Harbaoui, 2019. "Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption, environmental degradation and economic development: Evidence from Mediterranean countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    12. Ma, Qiang & Tariq, Muhammad & Mahmood, Haider & Khan, Zeeshan, 2022. "The nexus between digital economy and carbon dioxide emissions in China: The moderating role of investments in research and development," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    13. Yilmaz Bayar & Rita Remeikienė & Gamze Sart, 2024. "ICT Penetration and Human Development: Empirical Evidence from the EU Transition Economies," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 2422-2438, March.
    14. Yilmaz BAYAR, & Naib ALAKBAROV, 2016. "CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES Usak University, Department of Economics, Usak, Turkey," EcoForum, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Public Administration - Economy, Business Administration and Tourism Department., vol. 5(2), pages 1-47, July.
    15. Qamruzzaman, Md, 2022. "Nexus between renewable energy, foreign direct investment, and agro-productivity: The mediating role of carbon emission," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 526-540.
    16. Hussain, Jamal & Khan, Anwar & Zhou, Kui, 2020. "The impact of natural resource depletion on energy use and CO2 emission in Belt & Road Initiative countries: A cross-country analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    17. Emma Serwaa Obobisa & Haibo Chen & Isaac Adjei Mensah, 2023. "Transitions to sustainable development: the role of green innovation and institutional quality," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6751-6780, July.
    18. Zhongwei, Huang & Liu, Yishu, 2022. "The role of eco-innovations, trade openness, and human capital in sustainable renewable energy consumption: Evidence using CS-ARDL approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 131-140.
    19. Usman, Muhammad & Khalid, Khaizran & Mehdi, Muhammad Abuzar, 2021. "What determines environmental deficit in Asia? Embossing the role of renewable and non-renewable energy utilization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1165-1176.
    20. Yilmaz Bayar & Marius Dan Gavriletea, 2018. "Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-13, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:656-:d:478788. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.